How to format your references using the Applied In Vitro Toxicology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Applied In Vitro Toxicology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ravetz J. Sociology of science: Keep standards high. Nature 2012:481;25.

A journal article with 2 authors

Swirski FK, Nahrendorf M. Leukocyte behavior in atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. Science 2013:339;161–166.

A journal article with 3 authors

Russell SH, Hancock MP, McCullough J. The pipeline. Benefits of undergraduate research experiences. Science 2007:316;548–549.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Zhu Q, Sun Y, Yun X, et al. Antinociceptive effects of curcumin in a rat model of postoperative pain. Sci Rep 2014:4;4932.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ibrahim D. Microcontroller Based Applied Digital Control. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2006.

An edited book

Camenisch J, Kisimov V, Dubovitskaya M, editors. Open Research Problems in Network Security: IFIP WG 11.4 International Workshop, iNetSec 2010, Sofia, Bulgaria, March 5-6, 2010, Revised Selected Papers. vol. 6555. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Stauffer SD, Maggiori C, Froidevaux A, et al. Adaptability in Action: Using Personality, Interest, and Values Data to Help Clients Increase Their Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Career Meta-capacitiesIn: Psycho-social Career Meta-capacities: Dynamics of contemporary career development. Coetzee Melinde (ed); pp. 55–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Applied In Vitro Toxicology.

Blog post

Luntz S. Electron Mass Measurement Allows Model Testing. IFLScience. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/physics/electron-mass-measurement-allows-model-testing/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Information Management: Issues Important to Farmers Home Administration Systems Modernization. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1989.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Richardson VM. In vitro thyroid hormone metabolism: Effects of nuclear receptor activation on the metabolic profiles of thyroxine in rat and human hepatocytes. Doctoral dissertation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Lee L. Embracing Miami’s Past And Future. New York Times 2013;D2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Applied In Vitro Toxicology
Abbreviation	Appl. In Vitro Toxicol.
ISSN (print)	2332-1512
ISSN (online)	2332-1539
Scope