How to format your references using the Applied In Vitro Toxicology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Applied In Vitro Toxicology (AIVT). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Jones WD. Synthetic chemistry. The key to successful organic synthesis is. Science 2002;295(5553):289–290.

A journal article with 2 authors

Nori F, Tonomura A. Applied physics. Helical spin order on the move. Science 2006;311(5759):344–345.

A journal article with 3 authors

Schumacher MA, Hurlburt BK, Brennan RG. Crystal structures of SarA, a pleiotropic regulator of virulence genes in S. aureus. Nature 2001;409(6817):215–219.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Du C, Falini G, Fermani S, et al. Supramolecular assembly of amelogenin nanospheres into birefringent microribbons. Science 2005;307(5714):1450–1454.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rezaee Z. Financial Services Firms. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ; 2011.

An edited book

Wang F-H. Innovations in Digital Watermarking Techniques. (Pan J-S, Jain LC. eds). Studies in Computational Intelligence. Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Taylor RK. Consumerism: A Dead Issue? In: Proceedings of the 1984 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference. (Lindquist JD. ed). Developments in Marketing Science: Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science Springer International Publishing: Cham; 2015; pp. 18–22.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Applied In Vitro Toxicology.

Blog post

Andrews R. Earthquakes Can Trigger Aftershocks In Faults Hundreds Of Kilometers Away. IFLScience; 2016. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/earthquakes-trigger-aftershocks-faults-hundreds-kilometers-away/ [Last accessed: 10/30/2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Information Technology: Treasury Needs to Strengthen Its Investment Board Operations and Oversight. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC; 2007.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kern MW. Regional Phylogenetic Analysis of the Myology of Primates and Correlates in the Human Skeleton. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University: Washington, DC; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario B. Big Opening for J. Cole as Album Makes No. 1. New York Times 2016;C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Applied In Vitro Toxicology
Abbreviation	Appl. In Vitro Toxicol.
ISSN (print)	2332-1512
ISSN (online)	2332-1539
Scope