How to format your references using the Applied Geography citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Applied Geography. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Donovan, M. S. (2013). Generating improvement through research and development in education systems. Science (New York, N.Y.), 340(6130), 317–319.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kappe, S. H. I., & Mikolajczak, S. A. (2011). Immunology. Another shot at a malaria vaccine. Science (New York, N.Y.), 334(6055), 460–461.

A journal article with 3 authors

Phillips, N. R., Sprouse, M. L., & Roby, R. K. (2014). Simultaneous quantification of mitochondrial DNA copy number and deletion ratio: a multiplex real-time PCR assay. Scientific Reports, 4, 3887.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Lu, Q.-B., Wo, Y., Wang, L.-Y., Wang, H.-Y., Huang, D.-D., Zhang, X.-A., Liu, W., & Cao, W.-C. (2014). Molecular epidemiology of human rhinovirus in children with acute respiratory diseases in Chongqing, China. Scientific Reports, 4, 6686.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Frantzen, A. J. (2012). Anglo-Saxon Keywords. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Blockeel, H., Kersting, K., Nijssen, S., & Železný, F. (Eds.). (2013). Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases: European Conference, ECML PKDD 2013, Prague, Czech Republic, September 23-27, 2013, Proceedings, Part III (Vol. 8190). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Tiwari, A. (2009). Combining Equational Reasoning. In S. Ghilardi & R. Sebastiani (Eds.), Frontiers of Combining Systems: 7th International Symposium, FroCoS 2009, Trento, Italy, September 16-18, 2009. Proceedings (pp. 68–83). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Applied Geography.

Blog post

Andrews, R. (2017, June 8). North Korea Mocks America For Pulling Out Of Paris Agreement. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/north-korea-mocks-america-pulling-out-paris-agreement/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1987). Defaulted Student Loans: Private Lender Collection Efforts Often Inadequate (HRD-87-48). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Garfield-Kabbara, J. N. (2014). Through the Portal of Shame: A Path Toward Self-Love for Fatherless Daughters Living in Patriarchy [Doctoral dissertation]. Pacifica Graduate Institute.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Duerden, J. (2017, March 3). Trendy Shanghai District Has a Team With Glitter of Its Own. New York Times, B11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Donovan, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Donovan, 2013; Kappe & Mikolajczak, 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kappe & Mikolajczak, 2011)
Three or more authors: (Lu et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Applied Geography
Abbreviation	Appl. Geogr.
ISSN (print)	0143-6228
Scope	Forestry Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management General Environmental Science Geography, Planning and Development