How to format your references using the International Journal of Gerontology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Gerontology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Zeng N. Atmospheric science. Drought in the Sahel. Science. 2003;302(5647):999-1000.

A journal article with 2 authors

Matsuoka T, Shimizu K. Direct observation of a pressure-induced metal-to-semiconductor transition in lithium. Nature. 2009;458(7235):186-189.

A journal article with 3 authors

Woodroffe R, Hedges S, Durant SM. Ecology. To fence or not to fence. Science. 2014;344(6179):46-48.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Clantin B, Delattre AS, Rucktooa P, et al. Structure of the membrane protein FhaC: a member of the Omp85-TpsB transporter superfamily. Science. 2007;317(5840):957-961.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Martinelli RJ, Milosevic DZ. Project Management ToolBox. John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2015.

An edited book

Commisso TH, Nørbjerg J, Pries-Heje J, eds. Nordic Contributions in IS Research: 5th Scandinavian Conference on Information Systems, SCIS 2014, Ringsted, Denmark, August 10-13, 2014. Proceedings. Vol 186. Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Saul B. Civilising the Exception: Universally Defining Terrorism. In: Masferrer A, ed. Post 9/11 and the State of Permanent Legal Emergency: Security and Human Rights in Countering Terrorism. Springer Netherlands; 2012:79-100.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Gerontology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Big Data’s “Streetlight Effect’: Where And How We Look Affects What We See. IFLScience. Published May 19, 2016. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/big-data-s-streetlight-effect-where-and-how-we-look-affects-what-we-see/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Commercial Motor Carriers: More Could Be Done to Determine Impact of Excessive Loading and Unloading Wait Times on Hours of Service Violations. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2011.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Coppock JE. Optical and Magnetic Measurements of a Levitated, Gyroscopically Stabilized Graphene Nanoplatelet. Doctoral dissertation. University of Maryland, College Park; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G. Half-Century at Daytona, Off the Fourth Turn. New York Times. February 11, 2010:B17.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Gerontology
Abbreviation	Int. J. Gerontol.
ISSN (print)	1873-9598
Scope	Geriatrics and Gerontology

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