How to format your references using the Applied Biosafety citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Applied Biosafety (APB). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Psaltis D. Coherent optical information systems. Science 2002;298(5597):1359–1363.

A journal article with 2 authors

Walter P, Ron D. The unfolded protein response: from stress pathway to homeostatic regulation. Science 2011;334(6059):1081–1086.

A journal article with 3 authors

Millonig JH, Millen KJ, Hatten ME. The mouse Dreher gene Lmx1a controls formation of the roof plate in the vertebrate CNS. Nature 2000;403(6771):764–769.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Yong HS, Lim P-E, Tan J, et al. Molecular phylogeny of Orthetrum dragonflies reveals cryptic species of Orthetrum pruinosum. Sci Rep 2014;4:5553.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Numai T. Laser Diodes and Their Applications to Communications and Information Processing. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ; 2010.

An edited book

Huang GQ, Mak KL, Maropoulos PG, (eds). Proceedings of the 6th CIRP-Sponsored International Conference on Digital Enterprise Technology. Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing. Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

Magin S, Huber F, Herrmann A. Determinants of Teenagers’ Brand Buying Behavior — Development of a Structural Equation Model. In: New Meanings for Marketing in a New Millennium: Proceedings of the 2001 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference. (Moore M, Moore RS. eds). Developments in Marketing Science: Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science Springer International Publishing: Cham; 2015; pp. 12–16.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Applied Biosafety.

Blog post

Andrews R. 90 Megacity Mayors Pledge To Fight Dangerous Climate Change. IFLScience; 2016. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/90-megacity-mayors-pledge-fight-damgerous-climate-change/ [Last accessed: 10/30/2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Need To Reexamine JTIDS Requirements and Architecture. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC; 1982.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hasbini MA. The Great Recession of 2007 and the Housing Market Crash: Why Did So Many Builders Fail? Lessons for the Local Homebuilding Industry. Doctoral dissertation. University of South Florida: Tampa, FL; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Baker L. A Housing Project That Embraces A City and Nature. New York Times 2010;B7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Applied Biosafety
ISSN (print)	1535-6760
ISSN (online)	2470-1246
Scope