How to format your references using the Applied Biosafety citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Applied Biosafety (APB). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hapgood M. Astrophysics: Prepare for the coming space weather storm. Nature 2012;484(7394):311–313.

A journal article with 2 authors

Dimond A, Fraser P. Molecular biology. Long noncoding RNAs Xist in three dimensions. Science 2013;341(6147):720–721.

A journal article with 3 authors

Karlson RH, Cornell HV, Hughes TP. Coral communities are regionally enriched along an oceanic biodiversity gradient. Nature 2004;429(6994):867–870.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Ni GX, McLeod AS, Sun Z, et al. Fundamental limits to graphene plasmonics. Nature 2018;557(7706):530–533.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Piantadosi S. Clinical Trials: A Methodologic Perspective. Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ; 2005.

An edited book

Bell DJ, Foster SL, Mash EJ, (eds). Handbook of Behavioral and Emotional Problems in Girls. Issues in Clinical Child Psychology. Springer US: Boston, MA; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

Illibauer C, Ziebermayr T, Geist V. Towards Rigid Actor Assignment in Dynamic Workflows. In: Innovations in Enterprise Information Systems Management and Engineering: 4th International Conference, ERP Future 2015 - Research, Munich, Germany, November 16-17, 2015, Revised Papers. (Felderer M, Piazolo F, Ortner W, et al. eds). Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing Springer International Publishing: Cham; 2016; pp. 62–69.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Applied Biosafety.

Blog post

Luntz S. Ancient Monkey Blood Found Fossilized In Amber. IFLScience; 2017. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/ancient-monkey-blood-found-fossilized-in-amber/ [Last accessed: 10/30/2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Core Competencies for Financial System Analysts in the Federal Government (Exposure Draft). U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC; 1997.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Delaney RM. A Qualitative Descriptive Case Study Explaining Professional Development in Community Corrections. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix: Phoenix, AZ; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh MW, Schwartz ND. Estimate of Economic Losses Now Up to $50 Billion. New York Times 2012;B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Applied Biosafety
ISSN (print)	1535-6760
ISSN (online)	2470-1246
Scope