How to format your references using the Antonie van Leeuwenhoek citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Shlesinger MF (2000) Statistical mechanics. Exploring phase space. Nature 405:135, 137

A journal article with 2 authors

Gut P, Verdin E (2013) The nexus of chromatin regulation and intermediary metabolism. Nature 502:489–498

A journal article with 3 authors

Hung C-L, Gurarie V, Chin C (2013) From cosmology to cold atoms: observation of Sakharov oscillations in a quenched atomic superfluid. Science 341:1213–1215

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Wang SQ, Song LS, Lakatta EG, Cheng H (2001) Ca2+ signalling between single L-type Ca2+ channels and ryanodine receptors in heart cells. Nature 410:592–596

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Birla R (2014) Introduction to Tissue Engineering. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Ábrahám E, Bonsangue M, Johnsen EB (eds) (2016) Theory and Practice of Formal Methods: Essays Dedicated to Frank de Boer on the Occasion of His 60th Birthday. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Flórez Valencia L, Azencot J, Orkisz M (2010) Algorithm for Blood-Vessel Segmentation in 3D Images Based on a Right Generalized Cylinder Model: Application to Carotid Arteries. In: Bolc L, Tadeusiewicz R, Chmielewski LJ, Wojciechowski K (eds) Computer Vision and Graphics: International Conference, ICCVG 2010, Warsaw, Poland, September 20-22, 2010, Proceedings, Part I. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 27–34

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.

Blog post

Fang J (2014) Check Out This See-Through Spider. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/check-out-see-through-spider/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2002) Telecommunications: Better Coordination and Enhanced Accountability Needed to Improve Spectrum Management. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Shlapak A (2013) Mental health of foster youth in Ventura County. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J (2017) Yankees Ride Out Chapman’s Latest Turbulence and Rebuff the Mets Again. New York Times B11

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Shlesinger 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Shlesinger 2000; Gut and Verdin 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gut and Verdin 2013)
Three or more authors: (Wang et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Abbreviation	Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek
ISSN (print)	0003-6072
ISSN (online)	1572-9699
Scope	Molecular Biology Microbiology General Medicine