How to format your references using the Cancer Epidemiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cancer Epidemiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

J. Diamond, Obituary: Ernst Mayr (1904-2005), Nature. 433 (2005) 700–701.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

R.C. Taylor, M.J. Ryan, Interactions of multisensory components perceptually rescue túngara frog mating signals, Science. 341 (2013) 273–274.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

B.S. Zhao, G. Meijer, W. Schöllkopf, Quantum reflection of He2 several nanometers above a grating surface, Science. 331 (2011) 892–894.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

A. Babic, A.B. Lindner, M. Vulic, E.J. Stewart, M. Radman, Direct visualization of horizontal gene transfer, Science. 319 (2008) 1533–1536.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

W. Ruske, Verlag Chemie 1921-1971, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany, 1971.

An edited book

[1]

S. Silvestrov, M. Rančić, eds., Engineering Mathematics II: Algebraic, Stochastic and Analysis Structures for Networks, Data Classification and Optimization, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

A. Maalel, L. Mejri, H. Hadj-Mabrouk, H. Ben Ghézala, Towards a Decision Support System for Security Analysis, in: C. Hanachi, F. Bénaben, F. Charoy (Eds.), Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management in Mediterranean Countries: First International Conference, ISCRAM-Med 2014, Toulouse, France, October 15-17, 2014. Proceedings, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2014: pp. 46–56.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cancer Epidemiology.

Blog post

[1]

J. Davis, Cancer-Detecting Dog Trials Approved By The NHS, IFLScience. (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/cancer-detecting-dog-trials-approved-nhs/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, No Child Left Behind Act: Education Actions Needed to Improve Implementation and Evaluation of Supplemental Educational Services, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2006.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

A.M. Martinez, Moving in foster care: Voices of adults who experienced multiple foster care placements in childhood, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

M. Pilon, Mathematicians Are Hoping Calculations Add Up to the Perfect Bracket, New York Times. (2014) SP7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Cancer Epidemiology
Abbreviation	Cancer Epidemiol.
ISSN (print)	1877-7821
Scope	Cancer Research Epidemiology Oncology

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