How to format your references using the Annals of the Association of American Geographers citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of the Association of American Geographers. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Deichmann, U. 2000. An unholy alliance. The Nazis showed that “politically responsible” science risks losing its soul. Nature 405 (6788):739.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kaproth, B. M., and C. Marone. 2013. Slow earthquakes, preseismic velocity changes, and the origin of slow frictional stick-slip. Science (New York, N.Y.) 341 (6151):1229–1232.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bizzarro, M., J. A. Baker, and H. Haack. 2004. Mg isotope evidence for contemporaneous formation of chondrules and refractory inclusions. Nature 431 (7006):275–278.

A journal article with 99 or more authors

Li, M., J. Ding, H. Gu, Y. Zhang, S. Pan, N. Xu, H. Chen, and H. Li. 2013. Facilitated diffusion of acetonitrile revealed by quantitative breath analysis using extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Scientific reports 3:1205.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Fitzgerald, R. W., and B. J. Meacham. 2017. Fire Performance Analysis for Buildings. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Mancuso, S. ed. 2012. Measuring Roots: An Updated Approach. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Xiao, J. J. 2008. Applying Behavior Theories to Financial Behavior. In Handbook of Consumer Finance Research, ed. J. J. Xiao, 69–81. New York, NY: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of the Association of American Geographers.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J. 2015. Mercury Spins Nine Seconds Faster Than We Thought It Did. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/mercury-spins-nine-seconds-faster-we-thought-it-did/ (last accessed 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1978. Contributions to the Theory and Practice of Management. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hobbs, E. 2017. Rehearing Florence Price: A Closer Look at Her Symphony in E Minor.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon, M. 2012. The 400: Aching to Win. New York Times 8 July:SP1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Deichmann 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Deichmann 2000; Kaproth and Marone 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kaproth and Marone 2013)
Three authors: (Bizzarro, Baker, and Haack 2004)
4 or more authors: (Li et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of the Association of American Geographers
Abbreviation	Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr.
ISSN (print)	0004-5608
ISSN (online)	1467-8306
Scope	Earth-Surface Processes Geography, Planning and Development