How to format your references using the Annals of Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Racaniello V. Virology. An exit strategy for measles virus. Science. 2011;334:1650–1651.

A journal article with 2 authors

Parashar UD, Glass RI. Public health. Progress toward rotavirus vaccines. Science. 2006;312:851–852.

A journal article with 3 authors

Teuten EL, Xu L, Reddy CM. Two abundant bioaccumulated halogenated compounds are natural products. Science. 2005;307:917–920.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Sloan GC, Matsuura M, Zijlstra AA, et al. Dust formation in a galaxy with primitive abundances. Science. 2009;323:353–355.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Joule JA, Mills K. Heterocyclic Chemistry at a Glance. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2012.

An edited book

Keromytis AD, ed. Financial Cryptography and Data Security: 16th International Conference, FC 2012, Kralendijk, Bonaire, Februray 27-March 2, 2012, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Brilly M. Danube River Basin Coding. In: Brilly M, ed. Hydrological Processes of the Danube River Basin: Perspectives from the Danubian Countries. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2010:125–141.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of Surgery.

Blog post

Fang J. Rings Discovered Around an Asteroid for the First Time. IFLScience. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/rings-discovered-around-asteroid-first-time/. 2014. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. VA Education Benefits: VA Needs to Improve Program Management and Provide More Timely Information to Students. GAO-13-338; Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; May 22, 2013.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Wick HF. Applying Natural Horn Technique to Modern Valved Horn Performance Practice. Doctoral Dissertation; Ohio State University; 2001.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J. Matz Heads to the D.L. With a Tight Shoulder. New York Times, August 23, 2016, B9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of Surgery
Abbreviation	Ann. Surg.
ISSN (print)	0003-4932
ISSN (online)	1528-1140
Scope	Surgery

Research and Writing Guides