How to format your references using the Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Seife C. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY: Language Affects Sound Perception. Science. 2000 Dec 15;290(5499):2051b–2b.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hannon GJ, Rossi JJ. Unlocking the potential of the human genome with RNA interference. Nature. 2004 Sep 16;431(7006):371–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

Grenfell BT, Bjørnstad ON, Kappey J. Travelling waves and spatial hierarchies in measles epidemics. Nature. 2001 Dec 13;414(6865):716–23.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Ratzinger F, Haslacher H, Poeppl W, Hoermann G, Kovarik JJ, Jutz S, et al. Azithromycin suppresses CD4(+) T-cell activation by direct modulation of mTOR activity. Sci Rep. 2014 Dec 11;4:7438.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

McSween TE. Values-Based Safety Process. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005.

An edited book

Heinrichs D, Krellenberg K, Hansjürgens B, Martínez F, editors. Risk Habitat Megacity. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012. XXVI, 366 p.

A chapter in an edited book

Molina C, Tubella J, González A. Reducing Misspeculation Penalty in Trace-Level Speculative Multithreaded Architectures. In: Labarta J, Joe K, Sato T, editors. High-Performance Computing: 6th International Symposium, ISHPC 2005, Nara, Japan, September 7-9, 2005, First International Workshop on Advanced Low Power Systems, ALPS 2006, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008. p. 43–55. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology.

Blog post

Luntz S. Handmade Centrifuge Can Fraction Blood And Detect Malaria [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/handmade-centrifuge-can-fraction-blood-and-detect-malaria/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Bureau of Indian Affairs Plans To Consolidate Off-Reservation Indian Boarding Schools. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1983 Sep. Report No.: RCED-83-204.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cherukuri H. 1, 3-Dipolar Reaction of gem-Dicyanoepoxide with a Fluoro-Olefin [Doctoral dissertation]. [Edwardsville, IL]: Southern Illinois University; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Koblin J. TV’s Answer to Dark Days. New York Times. 2017 Feb 5;B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology
Abbreviation	Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol.
ISSN (print)	0003-4894
Scope	General Medicine Otorhinolaryngology

Research and Writing Guides