How to format your references using the Annals of Medicine and Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of Medicine and Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Z. Corbyn, Science education: Research on the reservation, Nature 471 (2011) 25–26.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

J.D. Sachs, W.V. Reid, Environment. Investments toward sustainable development, Science 312 (2006) 1002.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

A. Rajca, J. Wongsriratanakul, S. Rajca, Magnetic ordering in an organic polymer, Science 294 (2001) 1503–1505.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

N. Kaina, M. Dupré, G. Lerosey, M. Fink, Shaping complex microwave fields in reverberating media with binary tunable metasurfaces, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 6693.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

G. Ghiani, G. Laporte, R. Musmanno, Introduction to Logistics Systems Planning and Control, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2005.

An edited book

[1]

S. Vaduva, Moral Leadership in Business: Towards a Business Culture of Integrity, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

M.J. Samways, Biodiversity Conservation, in: A.V. Niekerk (Ed.), Ethics in Agriculture — An African Perspective, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2005: pp. 49–66.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of Medicine and Surgery.

Blog post

[1]

J. Davis, The Weirdest Sex Laws From Around The World, IFLScience (2016).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Intellectual Property: State Immunity in Infringement Actions, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2001.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

J.M. Winter, Investigating the biosynthesis of halogenated meroterpenoid natural products from marine actinomycetes, Doctoral dissertation, University of California San Diego, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

L. Saslow, Moving From Team Sport to Lifelong Fitness, New York Times (2009) LI5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of Medicine and Surgery
Abbreviation	Ann. Med. Surg. (Lond.)
ISSN (print)	2049-0801
Scope