How to format your references using the Annals of Medicine and Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of Medicine and Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

T.A. Vanderah, Materials science. Talking ceramics, Science. 298 (2002) 1182–1184.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

A.J. Ammerman, C.E. McClennen, URBAN ECOLOGY: Saving Venice, Science. 289 (2000) 1301–1302.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

K. Gagnon, C.D. Chadwell, E. Norabuena, Measuring the onset of locking in the Peru-Chile trench with GPS and acoustic measurements, Nature. 434 (2005) 205–208.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

X. Meng, D. Liu, X. Dai, H. Pan, X. Wen, L. Zuo, G. Qin, Novel stable hard transparent conductors in TiO₂-TiC system: design materials from scratch, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 7503.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

M.B. Smith, Compendium of Organic Synthetic Methods: Smith/Compendium, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2014.

An edited book

[1]

H.J.T. Donkelaar, Clinical Neuroembryology: Development and Developmental Disorders of the Human Central Nervous System, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

J.B. Hansen, R. Brincker, M.L. Aenlle, Detection of Mass Change on a Glass Plate, in: R. Allemang, J. De Clerck, C. Niezrecki, A. Wicks (Eds.), Topics in Modal Analysis, Volume 7: Proceedings of the 31st IMAC, A Conference on Structural Dynamics, 2013, Springer, New York, NY, 2014: pp. 61–66.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of Medicine and Surgery.

Blog post

[1]

K. Hamilton, Quadruple Amputee Dog Receives Four Prosthetic Paws, IFLScience. (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/quadruple-amputee-dog-receives-four-prosthetic-paws/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Exchange Programs: Inventory of International Educational, Cultural, and Training Programs, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1993.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

P.M. Binkley, Relationship of Graduate Student Involvement to Graduate Alumni Donor Behavior, Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

B. Sisario, Green Day Is No. 1, New York Times. (2016) C2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of Medicine and Surgery
Abbreviation	Ann. Med. Surg. (Lond.)
ISSN (print)	2049-0801
Scope