How to format your references using the Annals of Leisure Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of Leisure Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wan, Zheng. 2015. “China’s Scientific Progress Hinges on Access to Data.” Nature 520 (7549): 587.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hauser, Marc D., and Thomas Bever. 2008. “Behavior. A Biolinguistic Agenda.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 322 (5904): 1057–1059.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kaiser, Shari M., Harmit S. Malik, and Michael Emerman. 2007. “Restriction of an Extinct Retrovirus by the Human TRIM5alpha Antiviral Protein.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 316 (5832): 1756–1758.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Fontaine, Sébastien, Sébastien Barot, Pierre Barré, Nadia Bdioui, Bruno Mary, and Cornelia Rumpel. 2007. “Stability of Organic Carbon in Deep Soil Layers Controlled by Fresh Carbon Supply.” Nature 450 (7167): 277–280.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Burnham, Douglas, and Ole Martin Skilleås. 2012. The Aesthetics of Wine. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Zhu, Joe, ed. 2015. Data Envelopment Analysis: A Handbook of Models and Methods. Vol. 221. International Series in Operations Research & Management Science. Boston, MA: Springer US.

A chapter in an edited book

Andersen, Monica Levy, Vânia D’Almeida, Gui Mi Ko, Paulo José Forcina Martins, and Sergio Tufik. 2016. “Care and Maintenance of Laboratory Animals.” In Rodent Model as Tools in Ethical Biomedical Research, edited by Monica Levy Andersen and Sergio Tufik, 23–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of Leisure Research.

Blog post

Hale, Tom. 2017. “Being Naked Is Great For Your Body Image And Satisfaction With Life.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/being-naked-is-great-for-your-body-image-and-satisfaction-with-life/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1991. Stock Market Automation: Exchanges Have Increased Systems’ Capacities Since the 1987 Market Crash. IMTEC-91-37. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Quick, Tambrelyn D. 2012. “Faith-Based Charter School Success at Education Ground Zero.” Doctoral dissertation, Malibu, CA: Pepperdine University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Belson, Ken, and Mary Pilon. 2012. “U.S. Ends Trials With Strong Lineup for London.” New York Times, July 2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Wan 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Wan 2015; Hauser and Bever 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hauser and Bever 2008)
Three authors: (Kaiser, Malik, and Emerman 2007)
4 or more authors: (Fontaine et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of Leisure Research
Abbreviation	Ann. Leis. Res.
ISSN (print)	1174-5398
ISSN (online)	2159-6816
Scope	Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management Social Psychology Geography, Planning and Development Cultural Studies