How to format your references using the Annals of Leisure Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of Leisure Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Blow, Nathan. 2009. “Systems Biology: Playing by the Rules.” Nature 460 (7253): 417.

A journal article with 2 authors

Makiura, Rie, and Oleg Konovalov. 2013. “Interfacial Growth of Large-Area Single-Layer Metal-Organic Framework Nanosheets.” Scientific Reports 3: 2506.

A journal article with 3 authors

Yu, Yiling, Lujun Huang, and Linyou Cao. 2014. “Semiconductor Solar Superabsorbers.” Scientific Reports 4 (February): 4107.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Spengler, Dirk, Herman L. M. van Roermund, Martyn R. Drury, Luisa Ottolini, Paul R. D. Mason, and Gareth R. Davies. 2006. “Deep Origin and Hot Melting of an Archaean Orogenic Peridotite Massif in Norway.” Nature 440 (7086): 913–917.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kelly, Virginia A. 2015. ADDICTION in the Family: What Every Counselor Needs to Know. Alexandria, USA: American Counseling Association.

An edited book

Xie, Hui. 2012. Atomic Force Microscopy Based Nanorobotics: Modelling, Simulation, Setup Building and Experiments. Edited by Cagdas Onal, Stéphane Régnier, and Metin Sitti. Vol. 71. Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Portugali, Juval. 2012. “Complexity Theories of Cities: Achievements, Criticism and Potentials.” In Complexity Theories of Cities Have Come of Age: An Overview with Implications to Urban Planning and Design, edited by Juval Portugali, Han Meyer, Egbert Stolk, and Ekim Tan, 47–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of Leisure Research.

Blog post

Fang, Janet. 2016. “Penguins Make Full Circumpolar Migration To Keep Population United.” IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/penguins-make-full-circumpolar-migration-to-keep-population-united/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1994. Medical Education: Curriculum and Financing Strategies Need to Encourage Primary Care Training. HEHS-95-9. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Vado, Priscilla Flor. 2012. “Foster Care Independence Act of 1999: A Policy Analysis.” Doctoral dissertation, Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Tackett, Michael. 2017. “Puerto Rico’s Hurricane Victims Could Find Political Clout in Florida.” New York Times, October 6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Blow 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Blow 2009; Makiura and Konovalov 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Makiura and Konovalov 2013)
Three authors: (Yu, Huang, and Cao 2014)
4 or more authors: (Spengler et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of Leisure Research
Abbreviation	Ann. Leis. Res.
ISSN (print)	1174-5398
ISSN (online)	2159-6816
Scope	Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management Social Psychology Geography, Planning and Development Cultural Studies