How to format your references using the Annals of Joint citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of Joint (AOJ). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Vicsek T. A question of scale. Nature 2001;411:421.

A journal article with 2 authors

Chen K, Baran PS. Total synthesis of eudesmane terpenes by site-selective C-H oxidations. Nature 2009;459:824–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zhang YG, Pagani M, Liu Z. A 12-million-year temperature history of the tropical Pacific Ocean. Science 2014;344:84–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Rosasco-Nitcher SE, Lan W, Khorasanizadeh S, Stukenberg PT. Centromeric Aurora-B activation requires TD-60, microtubules, and substrate priming phosphorylation. Science 2008;319:469–72.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Good PI. Introduction to Statistics through Resampling Methods and Microsoft Office Excel ®. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005.

An edited book

Hage J, Morazán MT, editors. Implementation and Application of Functional Languages: 22nd International Symposium, IFL 2010, Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands, September 1-3, 2010, Revised Selected Papers. vol. 6647. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Job G, Rüffler R. Influence of Temperature and Pressure on Transformations. In: Rüffler R, editor. Physical Chemistry from a Different Angle: Introducing Chemical Equilibrium, Kinetics and Electrochemistry by Numerous Experiments, Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016:129–51.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of Joint.

Blog post

Andrew E. Scientist Creates Diamonds From Peanut Butter. IFLScience 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/scientist-creates-diamonds-peanut-butter/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Library Services for Those with Disabilities: Additional Steps Needed to Ease Access to Services and Modernize Technology. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2016.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Jha JS. [3+2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Gem-Dicyanoepoxide and Electrophilic Reaction of Ethyl Atropate. Doctoral dissertation. Southern Illinois University, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Berkon B. Jewish Player’s Card From 1914 Provokes a $125,000 Dispute. New York Times 2016:D5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of Joint
Abbreviation	Ann. Jt.
ISSN (online)	2415-6809
Scope