How to format your references using the Annals of Joint citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of Joint (AOJ). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cripton PA. Perspective: Protecting the neck. Nature 2013;503:S13.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kim TW, Choi K-S. Nanoporous BiVO4 photoanodes with dual-layer oxygen evolution catalysts for solar water splitting. Science 2014;343:990–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

Huang J, Lesser CF, Lory S. The essential role of the CopN protein in Chlamydia pneumoniae intracellular growth. Nature 2008;456:112–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Lu C, Dong S, Xia Z, et al. Polarization enhancement and ferroelectric switching enabled by interacting magnetic structures in DyMnO₃ thin films. Sci Rep 2013;3:3374.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wood T, Anderson M, Analytics F. The Commercial Real Estate Tsunami. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010.

An edited book

Witrant E, Fridman E, Sename O, Dugard L, editors. Recent Results on Time-Delay Systems: Analysis and Control. vol. 5. 1st ed. 2016. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Karimi-Abdolrezaee S, Eftekharpour E. Stem Cells and Spinal Cord Injury Repair. In: Jandial R, Chen MY, editors. Regenerative Biology of the Spine and Spinal Cord, New York, NY: Springer, 2012:53–73.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of Joint.

Blog post

Andrews R. Scientists Are Running For Congress Because “The Future Hangs In The Balance.” IFLScience 2017. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/scientists-are-running-for-congress-because-the-future-hangs-in-the-balance/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Research and Development and the Economy. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1976.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nguyen LL. Pacific Psychiatric Group: A Business Plan For a Direct Pay Outpatient Psychiatric Practice. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly C. A Remodeling Gift to Remind Tarrytown of a Church’s History. New York Times 2008:14WE11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of Joint
Abbreviation	Ann. Jt.
ISSN (online)	2415-6809
Scope