How to format your references using the Annals of Joint citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of Joint (AOJ). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wilczek F. Setting standards. Nature 2002;415:265.

A journal article with 2 authors

Seibel BA, Walsh PJ. Carbon cycle. Potential impacts of CO2 injection on deep-sea biota. Science 2001;294:319–20.

A journal article with 3 authors

Tenenbaum JB, de Silva V, Langford JC. A global geometric framework for nonlinear dimensionality reduction. Science 2000;290:2319–23.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Sun J, Bonneau C, Cantín A, et al. The ITQ-37 mesoporous chiral zeolite. Nature 2009;458:1154–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ferdjallah M. Introduction to Digital Systems. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011.

An edited book

Chiba S, Tanter É, Ernst E, Hirschfeld R, editors. Transactions on Aspect-Oriented Software Development XII. vol. 8989. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Ciraulo F, Sambin G. Finiteness in a Minimalist Foundation. In: Miculan M, Scagnetto I, Honsell F, editors. Types for Proofs and Programs: International Conference, TYPES 2007, Cividale des Friuli, Italy, May 2-5, 2007 Revised Selected Papers, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2008:51–68.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of Joint.

Blog post

Davis J. Mysterious Denisovan Humans Were More Genetically Diverse Than Neanderthals. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/mysterious-denisovan-humans-were-more-genetically-diverse-neanderthals/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. International Aviation: Better Data on Code-Sharing Needed by DOT for Monitoring and Decisionmaking. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1995.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Crump S. The efficacy of an academic behavior assessment tool for the functional behavior assessment process. Doctoral dissertation. Pepperdine University, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Neuman W. Colombia Close to a Peace Accord With Rebels. New York Times 2015:A4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of Joint
Abbreviation	Ann. Jt.
ISSN (online)	2415-6809
Scope