How to format your references using the Annals of General Psychiatry citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of General Psychiatry. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. May M. Statistics: Attacking an epidemic. Nature. 2014;509:S50-1.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Arnold K, Zuberbühler K. Language evolution: semantic combinations in primate calls. Nature. 2006;441:303.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Hao X, Martin-Rouault L, Cui M. A self-adaptive method for creating high efficiency communication channels through random scattering media. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5874.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Hönisch B, Hemming NG, Archer D, Siddall M, McManus JF. Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration across the mid-Pleistocene transition. Science. 2009;324:1551–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Lachin JM. Biostatistical Methods: The Assessment of Relative Risks. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

1. Kolb A, Koch R, editors. Dynamic 3D Imaging: DAGM 2009 Workshop, Dyn3D 2009, Jena, Germany, September 9, 2009. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Brenner DJ, Staley JT, Krieg NR. Classification of Procaryotic Organisms and the Concept of Bacterial Speciation. In: Brenner DJ, Krieg NR, Staley JT, Garrity GM, editors. Bergey’s Manual® of Systematic Bacteriology: Volume Two: The Proteobacteria, Part A Introductory Essays. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2005. p. 27–32.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of General Psychiatry.

Blog post

1. Luntz S. Major Improvement To Drug-Free Fertility Treatment [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/major-improvement-to-drugfree-fertility-treatment/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. High-Containment Laboratories: Recent Incidents of Biosafety Lapses. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2014 Jul. Report No.: GAO-14-785T.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Adrian DE. School scheduling models and the achievement of at-risk students: A causal-comparative study [Doctoral dissertation]. [Phoenix, AZ]: University of Phoenix; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Greenhouse L. Arizona’s Strict Approach to Insanity Defenses Gets a Hearing Before the Supreme Court. New York Times. 2006 Apr 20;A25.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of General Psychiatry
Abbreviation	Ann. Gen. Psychiatry
ISSN (online)	1744-859X
Scope	Psychiatry and Mental health