How to format your references using the Annals of Eye Science citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of Eye Science (AES). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kirby SH. Taking the temperature of slabs. Nature. 2000 Jan 6;403(6765):31, 33–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

Raddick MJ, Szalay AS. SPORE series winner. The universe online. Science. 2010 Aug 27;329(5995):1028–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kobayashi S, Goto-Yamamoto N, Hirochika H. Retrotransposon-induced mutations in grape skin color. Science. 2004 May 14;304(5673):982.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Piewngam P, Zheng Y, Nguyen TH, et al. Pathogen elimination by probiotic Bacillus via signalling interference. Nature. 2018 Oct;562(7728):532–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hunt-Ahmed K. Contemporary Islamic Finance. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

Prentiss A, Kuijt I, Chatters JC, editors. Macroevolution in Human Prehistory: Evolutionary Theory and Processual Archaeology. New York, NY: Springer; 2009. XXXII, 516 p.

A chapter in an edited book

Boukebbab S, Boulahlib MS. The Spatial Interactions Using the Gravity Model: Application at the Evaluation of Transport Efficiency at Constantine City, Algeria. In: Zamojski W, Mazurkiewicz J, Sugier J, et al., editors. Theory and Engineering of Complex Systems and Dependability: Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Dependability and Complex Systems DepCoS-RELCOMEX, June 29 – July 3 2015, Brunów, Poland. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 35–44. (Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of Eye Science.

Blog post

Davis J. Snakes In Cuba Found To Coordinate Hanging From Cave Mouths To Group Hunt Bats [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/snakes-in-cuba-found-to-coordinate-hanging-from-cave-mouths-to-group-hunt-bats/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. School Bus Safety: Crash Data Trends and Federal and State Requirements. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2017 Jan. Report No.: GAO-17-209.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Daysal NM. The effects of uninsurance on hospitals and patient health [Doctoral dissertation]. [College Park, MD]: University of Maryland, College Park; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh MW. Bills to Empower Puerto Rico to Shed Debt Face Likely G.O.P. Opposition. New York Times. 2016 Mar 14;B3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of Eye Science
ISSN (online)	2520-4122
Scope