How to format your references using the Annals of Epidemiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of Epidemiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Owens B. Drug development: The treasure chest. Nature 2015;525:S6-8.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Wang H-Y, Malbon CC. Wnt signaling, Ca2+, and cyclic GMP: visualizing Frizzled functions. Science 2003;300:1529–30.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Isabel G, Pascual A, Preat T. Exclusive consolidated memory phases in Drosophila. Science 2004;304:1024–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Raya A, Kawakami Y, Rodríguez-Esteban C, Ibañes M, Rasskin-Gutman D, Rodríguez-León J, et al. Notch activity acts as a sensor for extracellular calcium during vertebrate left-right determination. Nature 2004;427:121–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Chitty J, Raftery A. Essentials of Tortoise Medicine and Surgery. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2013.

An edited book

[1]

Saberi Mohamad M, Rocha MP, Fdez-Riverola F, Domínguez Mayo FJ, De Paz JF, editors. 10th International Conference on Practical Applications of Computational Biology & Bioinformatics. vol. 477. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Wai-ying W. The Thesis of Single-Rootedness in the Thought of Cheng Hao. In: Makeham J, editor. Dao Companion to Neo-Confucian Philosophy, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2010, p. 89–104.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of Epidemiology.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Early Trials for Next-Generation Artificial Skin Are a Success. IFLScience 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/early-trials-next-generation-artificial-skin-are-success/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Bid Rejection Protest. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1973.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Al-Qazzaz AL. A kinetic study of the radiolytic degradation of phthalates in aqueous solutions. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

(nyt) SK. World Briefing | Europe: Russia: Ex-Premier’s Real Estate Deal Investigated. New York Times 2005:A12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of Epidemiology
Abbreviation	Ann. Epidemiol.
ISSN (print)	1047-2797
Scope	Epidemiology