How to format your references using the Annals of Epidemiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of Epidemiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Viseu A. Integration of social science into research is crucial. Nature 2015;525:291.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Muotri AR, Gage FH. Generation of neuronal variability and complexity. Nature 2006;441:1087–93.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Schuck C, Pernice WHP, Tang HX. Waveguide integrated low noise NbTiN nanowire single-photon detectors with milli-Hz dark count rate. Sci Rep 2013;3:1893.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Chang S, Kwon N, Weon BM, Kim J, Rhee CK, Choi HS, et al. Tracking X-ray microscopy for alveolar dynamics in live intact mice. Sci Rep 2013;3:1304.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Chan NH. Time Series: Applications to Finance with R and S-Plus®. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

[1]

Pendergast JM. Building a Successful Family Business Board: A Guide for Leaders, Directors, and Families. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan US; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Jacobs-Lorena M. Genetic approaches for malaria control. In: Louis C, editor. Bridging laboratory and field research for genetic control of disease vectors, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2006, p. 53–65.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of Epidemiology.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. What Is Naloxone And How Can It Help Save Drug Users Who Overdose? IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/what-naloxone-and-how-can-it-help-save-drug-users-who-overdose/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Commercial Aviation: Programs and Options for Providing Air Service to Small Communities. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2007.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Caballero Suarez OL. Effects of ion correlations in high density plasmas: Neutrino scattering and transport properties in supernovae and neutron star crusts. Doctoral dissertation. Indiana University, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Burghardt LF. A Symbol of Carefree, Innocent Fun? Not in Oyster Bay. New York Times 2006:14LI10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of Epidemiology
Abbreviation	Ann. Epidemiol.
ISSN (print)	1047-2797
Scope	Epidemiology