How to format your references using the Annals of Epidemiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of Epidemiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Garman EF. Developments in x-ray crystallographic structure determination of biological macromolecules. Science 2014;343:1102–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Ottino JM, Lueptow RM. Materials science. On mixing and demixing. Science 2008;319:912–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Humphries MM, Thomas DW, Speakman JR. Climate-mediated energetic constraints on the distribution of hibernating mammals. Nature 2002;418:313–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Beltrán MT, Cesaroni R, Codella C, Testi L, Furuya RS, Olmi L. Infall of gas as the formation mechanism of stars up to 20 times more massive than the Sun. Nature 2006;443:427–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Chu PP. Embedded SoPC Design with Nios II Processor and VHDL Examples. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

[1]

Perlovsky L. Emotional Cognitive Neural Algorithms with Engineering Applications: Dynamic Logic: FromVague to Crisp. vol. 371. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Rabinovich V, Alexandrov N. Simplified Smart Beamforming. In: Alexandrov N, editor. Antenna Arrays and Automotive Applications, New York, NY: Springer; 2013, p. 87–113.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of Epidemiology.

Blog post

[1]

Andrews R. Zika Could Infect More Than 1.6 Million Childbearing Women In The Americas. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/zika-could-infect-more-than-16-million-childbearing-women-in-the-americas/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Medical Education: Curriculum and Financing Strategies Need to Encourage Primary Care Training. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

VanQuickenborne T. Exploring generative change. Doctoral dissertation. Pepperdine University, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Loomis G. Carnal Knowledge in a Modern Metropolis: Babylon. New York Times 2012:0.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of Epidemiology
Abbreviation	Ann. Epidemiol.
ISSN (print)	1047-2797
Scope	Epidemiology