How to format your references using the Annals of Emergency Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of Emergency Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lucas R. Journal club. A neuroscientist explores the network of cells in the retina. Nature. 2010;464(7285):11.

A journal article with 2 authors

Dubcovsky J, Dvorak J. Genome plasticity a key factor in the success of polyploid wheat under domestication. Science. 2007;316(5833):1862-1866.

A journal article with 3 authors

Umemoto K, Wentzcovitch RM, Allen PB. Dissociation of MgSiO3 in the cores of gas giants and terrestrial exoplanets. Science. 2006;311(5763):983-986.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Tapley BD, Bettadpur S, Ries JC, Thompson PF, Watkins MM. GRACE measurements of mass variability in the Earth system. Science. 2004;305(5683):503-505.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Blair R. Organic Production and Food Quality. Wiley-Blackwell; 2011.

An edited book

Vacareanu R, Ionescu C, eds. The 1940 Vrancea Earthquake. Issues, Insights and Lessons Learnt: Proceedings of the Symposium Commemorating 75 Years from November 10, 1940 Vrancea Earthquake. 1st ed. 2016. Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Adamson SO, Kharlampidi DD, Dementiev AI. Application of the Uniformly Charged Sphere Stabilization for Calculating the Lowest 1 S Resonances of H −. In: Hotokka M, Brändas EJ, Maruani J, Delgado-Barrio G, eds. Advances in Quantum Methods and Applications in Chemistry, Physics, and Biology. Progress in Theoretical Chemistry and Physics. Springer International Publishing; 2013:101-118.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of Emergency Medicine.

Blog post

Carpineti A. Was The Solar System Jump-Started By A Supernova? IFLScience. Published November 29, 2016. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/space/was-the-solar-system-jumpstarted-by-a-supernova/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Aviation Weather: FAA and the National Weather Service Are Considering Plans to Consolidate Weather Service Offices, but Face Significant Challenges. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2009.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Blumenfeld DB. Policy Making and the U.S. Response to Global HIV/AIDS. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gorman J. Kangaroo Rats Outjump Rattlesnakes. New York Times. October 12, 2017:D3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of Emergency Medicine
Abbreviation	Ann. Emerg. Med.
ISSN (print)	0196-0644
Scope	Emergency Medicine