How to format your references using the Annals of Emergency Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of Emergency Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Webb P. Science education and literacy: imperatives for the developed and developing world. Science. 2010;328(5977):448-450.

A journal article with 2 authors

Brisson JA, Nuzhdin SV. Rarity of males in pea aphids results in mutational decay. Science. 2008;319(5859):58.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kimchi T, Xu J, Dulac C. A functional circuit underlying male sexual behaviour in the female mouse brain. Nature. 2007;448(7157):1009-1014.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Ogawa H, Amagai Y, Koike I, Kaiser K, Benner R. Production of refractory dissolved organic matter by bacteria. Science. 2001;292(5518):917-920.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Cicek V, Al-Numan B. Corrosion Chemistry. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

Al-Ekabi C, ed. European Autonomy in Space. Vol 10. Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Malinao JA, Tiu KB, Lozano LMO, et al. A Metric for User Requirements Traceability in Sequence, Class Diagrams, and Lines-Of-Code via Robustness Diagrams. In: Nishizaki SY, Numao M, Caro J, Suarez MT, eds. Theory and Practice of Computation: 2nd Workshop on Computation: Theory and Practice, Manila, The Philippines, September 2012, Proceedings. Proceedings in Information and Communications Technology. Springer Japan; 2013:50-63.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of Emergency Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew E. Dark Matter Is Killing Galaxies That Enter The Coma Cluster. IFLScience. July 20, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/space/dead-galaxies-might-be-explained-dark-matter-cushions/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Telecommunications: GSA Has Made Progress in Planning Governmentwide Program but Challenges Remain. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2004.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Villagomez GC. Helping Foster Parents and Kinship Caregivers Support High School Graduation for Children in Their Care: A Self-Instructional Workbook. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Benanav M. A Way of Life, Fading Away. New York Times. August 28, 2017:TR8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of Emergency Medicine
Abbreviation	Ann. Emerg. Med.
ISSN (print)	0196-0644
Scope	Emergency Medicine