How to format your references using the Annals of Emergency Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of Emergency Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Haigwood NL. HIV: tied down by its own receptor. Nature. 2015;519(7541):36-37.

A journal article with 2 authors

Paszek M, Weaver V. Biophysics. Enforcing order on signaling. Science. 2010;327(5971):1335-1336.

A journal article with 3 authors

Verhulst EC, Beukeboom LW, van de Zande L. Maternal control of haplodiploid sex determination in the wasp Nasonia. Science. 2010;328(5978):620-623.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Goedhart J, van Unen J, Adjobo-Hermans MJW, Gadella TWJ Jr. Signaling efficiency of Gαq through its effectors p63RhoGEF and GEFT depends on their subcellular location. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2284.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hulin W, Jin-Ting Z. Nonparametric Regression Methods for Longitudinal Data Analysis: Mixed-Effects Modeling Approaches. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2006.

An edited book

Šamaj J, ed. Endocytosis in Plants. Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Zaini N, Kamarudin KSN. The Development of Amine-Based Potential Kenaf Sorbent for Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Capture. In: Hashim MA, ed. ICGSCE 2014: Proceedings of the International Conference on Global Sustainability and Chemical Engineering. Springer; 2015:33-39.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of Emergency Medicine.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J. NASA’s Record-Breaking Astronaut Safely Returns To Earth. IFLScience. September 7, 2016. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/space/nasa-record-breaking-astronaut-safely-returns-to-earth/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. School Bus Safety: Crash Data Trends and Federal and State Requirements. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2017.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Saperstein AM. Susceptibility to Smoking and Nicotine Dependence in Schizophrenia. Doctoral dissertation. University of Maryland, College Park; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hubbard B. Airstrikes Kill Dozens in Western Yemen. New York Times. October 30, 2016:A7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of Emergency Medicine
Abbreviation	Ann. Emerg. Med.
ISSN (print)	0196-0644
Scope	Emergency Medicine