How to format your references using the Annals of Emergency Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of Emergency Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Spaldin NA. Materials science. Fundamental size limits in ferroelectricity. Science. 2004;304(5677):1606-1607.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gruenheid S, Finlay BB. Microbial pathogenesis and cytoskeletal function. Nature. 2003;422(6933):775-781.

A journal article with 3 authors

Poulton SW, Fralick PW, Canfield DE. The transition to a sulphidic ocean approximately 1.84 billion years ago. Nature. 2004;431(7005):173-177.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Liu FS, Zheng JX, Huang MJ, et al. Enhanced thermoelectric performance of Cu2CdSnSe4 by Mn doping: experimental and first principles studies. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5774.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ghosh A, Berg S. Arrow Pushing in Inorganic Chemistry. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

Marcus A, ed. Design, User Experience, and Usability: Interactive Experience Design: 4th International Conference, DUXU 2015, Held as Part of HCI International 2015, Los Angeles, CA, USA, August 2-7, 2015, Proceedings, Part III. Vol 9188. Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Meyer F. Flooding Edge Weighted Graphs. In: Kropatsch WG, Artner NM, Haxhimusa Y, Jiang X, eds. Graph-Based Representations in Pattern Recognition: 9th IAPR-TC-15 International Workshop, GbRPR 2013, Vienna, Austria, May 15-17, 2013. Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer; 2013:31-40.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of Emergency Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew E. California’s Water Paradox: Why Enough Will Never Be Enough. IFLScience. May 28, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/california-s-water-paradox-why-enough-will-never-be-enough/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Telecommunications: Agencies Are Generally Following Sound Transition Planning Practices, and GSA Is Taking Action to Resolve Challenges. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2008.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hudson N. Undocumented Latino Student Activists’ Funds of Knowledge: Transforming Social Movements. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney K. A Produce Auction With an Eye to Survival. New York Times. August 24, 2008:NJ9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of Emergency Medicine
Abbreviation	Ann. Emerg. Med.
ISSN (print)	0196-0644
Scope	Emergency Medicine