How to format your references using the Annals of Biomedical Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of Biomedical Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Shea, K. Ecology. How the wood moves. Science 315:1231–1232, 2007.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sommer, M. A., and R. H. Wurtz. Influence of the thalamus on spatial visual processing in frontal cortex. Nature 444:374–377, 2006.

A journal article with 3 authors

Li, X., M. A. Schuler, and M. R. Berenbaum. Jasmonate and salicylate induce expression of herbivore cytochrome P450 genes. Nature 419:712–715, 2002.

A journal article with 30 or more authors

Miller, D. L., K. D. Kubista, G. M. Rutter, M. Ruan, W. A. de Heer, P. N. First, and J. A. Stroscio. Observing the quantization of zero mass carriers in graphene. Science 324:924–927, 2009.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Jacquenet, C., G. Bourdon, and M. Boucadair. Service Automation and Dynamic Provisioning Techniques in IP/MPLS Environments. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2008.

An edited book

Unconventional Computation and Natural Computation: 13th International Conference, UCNC 2014, London, ON, Canada, July 14-18, 2014, Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014, XXX, 394 p. 183 illus pp.

A chapter in an edited book

Yoon, J. S., C. S. Lee, and S. Lee. Ocular and Adnexal Lymphoma: Epidemiological Aspects. In: Ocular and Adnexal Lymphoma, edited by A. D. Singh. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2014, pp. 47–56.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of Biomedical Engineering.

Blog post

Davis, J. How The Sabre-Toothed Naked Mole Rats Feel No Pain. , 2016.at <https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/how-the-sabretoothed-naked-mole-rats-feel-no-pain/>

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Commercial Aviation: Structural Costs Continue to Challenge Legacy Airlines’ Financial Performance. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2005.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Danso Odei, P. K. Effective Resolution of The Bibiani-Anhwianso-Bekwai District Healthcare Delivery System: An Outcome-Based Evaluative Case. , 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Goldstein, J. Inside a Jail in Brooklyn, The Women Live in Fear. , 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ².
This sentence cites two references ^2,4.
This sentence cites four references ^4,6–8.

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of Biomedical Engineering
Abbreviation	Ann. Biomed. Eng.
ISSN (print)	0090-6964
ISSN (online)	1573-9686
Scope	Biomedical Engineering