How to format your references using the Frontiers in Sleep Disorders citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Sleep Disorders. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

PaperpileThe citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNoteFind the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and othersThe style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeXBibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author
Smith, R. (2000). Making hard light sharper. Nature 404, 345, 347.
A journal article with 2 authors
Wculek, S. K., and Malanchi, I. (2015). Neutrophils support lung colonization of metastasis-initiating breast cancer cells. Nature 528, 413–417.
A journal article with 3 authors
Suthram, S., Sittler, T., and Ideker, T. (2005). The Plasmodium protein network diverges from those of other eukaryotes. Nature 438, 108–112.
A journal article with 7 or more authors
Inoue, T., Higuchi, M., Hashimoto, Y., Seki, M., Kobayashi, M., Kato, T., et al. (2001). Identification of CRE1 as a cytokinin receptor from Arabidopsis. Nature 409, 1060–1063.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book
Jones, N. F. (2008). The JCT Major Project Form. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
An edited book
Wang, L. ed. (2012). Modeling and Control of Sustainable Power Systems: Towards Smarter and Greener Electric Grids. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
A chapter in an edited book
Kim, C. H., Chung, S. W., and Jhon, C. S. (2005). “An Innovative Instruction Cache for Embedded Processors,” in Advances in Computer Systems Architecture: 10th Asia-Pacific Conference, ACSAC 2005, Singapore, October 24-26, 2005. Proceedings Lecture Notes in Computer Science., eds. T. Srikanthan, J. Xue, and C.-H. Chang (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer), 41–51.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Sleep Disorders.

Blog post
Carpineti, A. (2015). Here’s Why You Shouldn’t Wear A Bra, According To Science. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report
Government Accountability Office (2000). Joint Strike Fighter Acquisition: Development Schedule Should Be Changed to Reduce Risks. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation
Topdemir, C. M. (2010). School counselor accountability practices: A national study.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article
Poniewozik, J. (2017). The Elephant in a Ballroom at the Globes. New York Times, C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Smith, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Smith, 2000; Wculek and Malanchi, 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

  • Two authors: (Wculek and Malanchi, 2015)
  • Three or more authors: (Inoue et al., 2001)

About the journal

Full journal titleFrontiers in Sleep Disorders
AbbreviationFront. Psychiatry
ISSN (online)1664-0640
ScopePsychiatry and Mental health

Other styles