How to format your references using the Annals, Academy of Medicine, Singapore citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals, Academy of Medicine, Singapore. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Chang HY. Anatomic demarcation of cells: genes to patterns. Science. 2009 Nov 27;326(5957):1206–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Fedo CM, Whitehouse MJ. Metasomatic origin of quartz-pyroxene rock, Akilia, Greenland, and implications for Earth’s earliest life. Science. 2002 May 24;296(5572):1448–52.

A journal article with 3 authors

Anderson JS, Rittle J, Peters JC. Catalytic conversion of nitrogen to ammonia by an iron model complex. Nature. 2013 Sep 5;501(7465):84–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Mojić M, Bogdanović Pristov J, Maksimović-Ivanić D, Jones DR, Stanić M, Mijatović S, et al. Extracellular iron diminishes anticancer effects of vitamin C: an in vitro study. Sci Rep. 2014 Aug 5;4:5955.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hirsch F, Kemp J, Ilkka J. Mobile Web Services. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2006.

An edited book

Lucanu D, editor. Rewriting Logic and Its Applications: 11th International Workshop, WRLA 2016, Held as a Satellite Event of ETAPS, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, April 2-3, 2016, Revised Selected Papers. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. XV, 185 p. 28 illus. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; vol. 9942).

A chapter in an edited book

Treece G, Lindop J, Gee A, Prager R. Near-Real-Time 3D Ultrasonic Strain Imaging. In: Akiyama I, editor. Acoustical Imaging. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2009. p. 27–32. (Acoustical Imaging).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals, Academy of Medicine, Singapore.

Blog post

Andrews R. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. The Pacific’s Floating “Plastic Continents” Will Soon Wash Up On Our Shorelines. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/pacifics-floating-plastic-continents-wash-shorelines/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. National Science Foundation: Problems Found in Decision Process for Awarding Earthquake Center. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1987 Jun. Report No.: RCED-87-146.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Woods BA. The Perceived Efficacy of an Empowerment Model of Youth Development among Vermont Educational Leaders [Doctoral dissertation]. [Columbus, OH]: Ohio State University; 2006.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Billard M. Just for You, Sarah Jessica, but .. New York Times. 2010 Apr 15;E5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals, Academy of Medicine, Singapore
ISSN (print)	0304-4602
Scope