How to format your references using the Annals, Academy of Medicine, Singapore citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals, Academy of Medicine, Singapore. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rodriguez J. Recruiters and industry. Rules of engagement. Nature. 2004 May 27;429(6990):486.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cerdán PD, Chory J. Regulation of flowering time by light quality. Nature. 2003 Jun 19;423(6942):881–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

Danchin E, Wajnberg E, Wagner RH. Avoiding pitfalls in estimating heritability with the common options approach. Sci Rep. 2014 Feb 5;4:3974.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Song J, Wu L, Chen Z, Kohanski RA, Pick L. Axons guided by insulin receptor in Drosophila visual system. Science. 2003 Apr 18;300(5618):502–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bonk CJ. The World is Open. San Francisco, CA, USA: Jossey-Bass; 2011.

An edited book

Böttcher B. Lévy Matters III: Lévy-Type Processes: Construction, Approximation and Sample Path Properties. Schilling R, Wang J, editors. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2013. XVIII, 199 p. 1 illus. (Lecture Notes in Mathematics; vol. 2099).

A chapter in an edited book

Medeiros FA. Glaucoma Risk Factors: Fluctuations in Intraocular Pressure. In: Schacknow PN, Samples JR, editors. The Glaucoma Book: A Practical, Evidence-Based Approach to Patient Care. New York, NY: Springer; 2010. p. 51–4.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals, Academy of Medicine, Singapore.

Blog post

Andrews R. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Education Secretary Betsy DeVos Has Some Curious Thoughts About The Future Of Schools. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/education-secretary-betsy-devos-has-some-curious-thoughts-about-the-future-of-schools/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Protest Against Rejection of Bid. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1973 Aug. Report No.: B-178720.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Zaarour M. Enhancing the foster care experience of children with autism: A grant proposal [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schilling MK. Mother of Invention. New York Times. 2017 Apr 10;M2114.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals, Academy of Medicine, Singapore
ISSN (print)	0304-4602
Scope