How to format your references using the Animals citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Animals. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Baughman, R.H. Auxetic Materials: Avoiding the Shrink. Nature 2003, 425, 667.

A journal article with 2 authors

Xu, D.; Zhang, Y. Ab Initio Structure Prediction for Escherichia Coli: Towards Genome-Wide Protein Structure Modeling and Fold Assignment. Sci. Rep. 2013, 3, 1895.

A journal article with 3 authors

Mace, K.A.; Pearson, J.C.; McGinnis, W. An Epidermal Barrier Wound Repair Pathway in Drosophila Is Mediated by Grainy Head. Science 2005, 308, 381–385.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Baublitz, M.; Lane, C.; Lin, H.; Hafiz, H.; Markiewicz, R.S.; Barbiellini, B.; Sun, Z.; Dessau, D.S.; Bansil, A. A Minimal Tight-Binding Model for Ferromagnetic Canted Bilayer Manganites. Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, 7512.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hogan, K. The Secret Language of Business; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2008; ISBN 9781118257845.

An edited book

Transformative Approaches to Sustainable Development at Universities: Working Across Disciplines; Leal Filho, W., Ed.; World Sustainability Series; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2015; ISBN 9783319088365.

A chapter in an edited book

Xiang, Y.; Peng, D.; Yang, Z. Future Work. In Blind Source Separation: Dependent Component Analysis; Peng, D., Yang, Z., Eds.; SpringerBriefs in Electrical and Computer Engineering; Springer: Singapore, 2015; pp. 91–94 ISBN 9789812872265.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Animals.

Blog post

Carpineti, A. Dark Energy May Not Actually Exist Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/space/dark-energy-may-not-actually-exist/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office NASA: Agency Faces Challenges Defining Scope and Costs of Space Shuttle Transition and Retirement; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2008;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Fisher, E. Suffering God. Doctoral dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute: Carpinteria, CA, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rothenberg, B. Child Custody Fight May Sideline Azarenka. New York Times 2017, B7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Animals
Abbreviation	Animals (Basel)
ISSN (online)	2076-2615
Scope