How to format your references using the Animal Welfare citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Animal Welfare. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Heilbron JL 2005 Wit and wisdom. Nature 438: 29.

A journal article with 2 authors

Weiner HL and Selkoe DJ 2002 Inflammation and therapeutic vaccination in CNS diseases. Nature 420: 879–884.

A journal article with 3 authors

Watanabe Y, Martini JE and Ohmoto H 2000 Geochemical evidence for terrestrial ecosystems 2.6 billion years ago. Nature 408: 574–578.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Zhang F, Zhang Y, Ding J, Dai K, van Loosdrecht MCM and Zeng RJ 2014 Stable acetate production in extreme-thermophilic (70°C) mixed culture fermentation by selective enrichment of hydrogenotrophic methanogens. Scientific reports 4: 5268.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Equipment Testing Procedures Committee of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers 2014 Trayed and Packed Columns. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Andrews GE 2005 Ramanujan’s Lost Notebook: Part I. (B Berndt, Ed) p. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Kloss GK and Schreiber A 2006 Provenance Implementation in a Scientific Simulation Environment. In: Moreau L and Foster I (eds) Provenance and Annotation of Data: International Provenance and Annotation Workshop, IPAW 2006, Chicago, IL, USA, May 3-5, 2006, Revised Selected Papers pp. 37–45. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Animal Welfare.

Blog post

Andrew E 2016, May 2 Modifying Mosquitoes To Stop Transmission Of Dengue Fever. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/modifying-mosquitoes-stop-transmission-dengue-fever/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office 1980 Highway Safety Research and Development--Better Management Can Make It More Useful. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Glennie NT 2010 Examining trust factor relationships in the online business-to-consumer environment. Doctoral dissertation, Northcentral University, Scottsdale, AZ

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hollander S 2001, August 26 MORE 65-M.P.H. ZONES. New York Times: 14NJ6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Heilbron 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Weiner & Selkoe 2002, Heilbron 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Weiner & Selkoe 2002)
Three or more authors: (Zhang et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Animal Welfare
Abbreviation	Anim. Welf.
ISSN (print)	0962-7286
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology General Veterinary