How to format your references using the Animal Welfare citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Animal Welfare. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wegner G 2011 Cosmology: gravity tested on large scales. Nature 477: 541–543.

A journal article with 2 authors

Garrett TJ and Zhao C 2006 Increased Arctic cloud longwave emissivity associated with pollution from mid-latitudes. Nature 440: 787–789.

A journal article with 3 authors

Cumings J, Collins PG and Zettl A 2000 Peeling and sharpening multiwall nanotubes. Nature 406: 586.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Saikin SK, Khin Y, Huh J, Hannout M, Wang Y, Zare F, Aspuru-Guzik A and Tang JK-H 2014 Chromatic acclimation and population dynamics of green sulfur bacteria grown with spectrally tailored light. Scientific reports 4: 5057.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Garde F, Aelenei D, Aelenei L, Scognamiglio A and Ayoub J 2017 Solution Sets for Net-Zero Energy Buildings. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany

An edited book

Graf S and Viswanathan M (Eds) 2015 Formal Techniques for Distributed Objects, Components, and Systems: 35th IFIP WG 6.1 International Conference, FORTE 2015, Held as Part of the 10th International Federated Conference on Distributed Computing Techniques, DisCoTec 2015, Grenoble, France, June 2-4, 2015, Proceedings. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Happe J, Theilmann W and Wert A 2011 Service Construction Meta-Model. In: Wieder P, Butler JM, Theilmann W, and Yahyapour R (eds) Service Level Agreements for Cloud Computing pp. 69–78. Springer, New York, NY

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Animal Welfare.

Blog post

Andrew E 2014, November 25 Brain Network Linking Alzheimer’s And Schizophrenia Identified. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/brain-network-linking-alzheimers-and-schizophrenia-identified/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office 2012 Maritime Infrastructure: Opportunities Exist to Improve the Effectiveness of Federal Efforts to Support the Marine Transportation System. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bissell GH 2011 Working in the transference as a multicultural intervention. Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gustines GG 2017, July 18 Comics Put the Pow In Power. New York Times: C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Wegner 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Garrett & Zhao 2006, Wegner 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Garrett & Zhao 2006)
Three or more authors: (Saikin et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Animal Welfare
Abbreviation	Anim. Welf.
ISSN (print)	0962-7286
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology General Veterinary