How to format your references using the Animal Welfare citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Animal Welfare. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rees J 2002 Complex disease and the new clinical sciences. Science (New York, N.Y.) 296: 698–700.

A journal article with 2 authors

Zanetti M and Mahadevan NR 2012 Cancer. Immune surveillance from chromosomal chaos? Science (New York, N.Y.) 337: 1616–1617.

A journal article with 3 authors

Buehler MJ, Abraham FF and Gao H 2003 Hyperelasticity governs dynamic fracture at a critical length scale. Nature 426: 141–146.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Ata S, Mizuno T, Nishizawa A, Subramaniam C, Futaba DN and Hata K 2014 Influence of matching solubility parameter of polymer matrix and CNT on electrical conductivity of CNT/rubber composite. Scientific reports 4: 7232.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Neave EH 2009 Modern Financial Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Mio C (Ed) 2016 Integrated Reporting: A New Accounting Disclosure. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London

A chapter in an edited book

Coulton P 2014 Designing Mobile and Ubiquitous Games and Playful Interactions. In: Nijholt A (ed) Playful User Interfaces: Interfaces that Invite Social and Physical Interaction pp. 71–95. Springer, Singapore

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Animal Welfare.

Blog post

Davis J 2017, March 27 Cells Once Thought Only To Be Scaffolding May Be Keeping Time In Our Brains. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/cells-once-thought-only-to-be-scaffolding-may-be-keeping-time-in-our-brains/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office 2014 Information Technology: Leveraging Best Practices and Reform Initiatives Can Help Agencies Better Manage Investments. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hoang V 2009 Software maintenance: A program slicer using cross referencer. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Keith S and Oudens J 2016, May 28 Half the Fun Is in Getting There. New York Times: TR11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Rees 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Rees 2002, Zanetti & Mahadevan 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Zanetti & Mahadevan 2012)
Three or more authors: (Ata et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Animal Welfare
Abbreviation	Anim. Welf.
ISSN (print)	0962-7286
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology General Veterinary