How to format your references using the American Journal of Veterinary Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for American Journal of Veterinary Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Mace GM. Ecology. Whose conservation? Science 2014;345:1558–1560.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Attisano L, Wrana JL. Signal transduction by the TGF-beta superfamily. Science 2002;296:1646–1647.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Bo T-L, Zhang H, Zheng X-J. Charge-to-mass ratio of saltating particles in wind-blown sand. Sci Rep 2014;4:5590.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

1. Malinina L, Malakhova ML, Teplov A, et al. Structural basis for glycosphingolipid transfer specificity. Nature 2004;430:1048–1053.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Center for Chemical Process Safety. Guidelines for Investigating Chemical Process Incidents. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2003.

An edited book

1. Pieroni A, Quave CL eds. Ethnobotany and Biocultural Diversities in the Balkans: Perspectives on Sustainable Rural Development and Reconciliation. New York, NY: Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Chan SC. Light Field. In: Ikeuchi K, ed. Computer Vision: A Reference Guide. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2014;447–453.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for American Journal of Veterinary Research.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Fossils Reveal Oldest Known Vertebrate Live Birth. IFLScience 2014. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/fossils-reveal-oldest-known-vertebrate-live-birth/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. DHS Research and Development: Science and Technology Directorate’s Test and Evaluation and Reorganization Efforts. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2011.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Hsieh H-C. Self-access center and autonomous learning: EFL college students’ motivations, activities and perceptions of learning effectiveness. 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Greenhouse L. Justices to Enter the Debate Over Lethal Injection. New York Times. September 26, 2007:A24.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	American Journal of Veterinary Research
Abbreviation	Am. J. Vet. Res.
ISSN (print)	0002-9645
ISSN (online)	1943-5681
Scope	General Medicine General Veterinary