How to format your references using the American Journal of Public Health citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for American Journal of Public Health. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bohannon J. Science careers. From greener production to carbon trading: sustainable energy careers. Science. 2007;315(5813):868-869.

A journal article with 2 authors

Mastrandrea MD, Schneider SH. Probabilistic integrated assessment of “dangerous” climate change. Science. 2004;304(5670):571-575.

A journal article with 3 authors

Faller M, Niederweis M, Schulz GE. The structure of a mycobacterial outer-membrane channel. Science. 2004;303(5661):1189-1192.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Zhisheng A, Kutzbach JE, Prell WL, Porter SC. Evolution of Asian monsoons and phased uplift of the Himalaya-Tibetan plateau since Late Miocene times. Nature. 2001;411(6833):62-66.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Moore RG, Garland A. Cognitive Therapy for Chronic and Persistent Depression. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2008.

An edited book

Wirsing M, Hofmann M, Rauschmayer A, eds. Trustworthly Global Computing: 5th International Symposium, TGC 2010, Munich, Germany, February 24-26, 2010, Revised Selected Papers. Vol 6084. Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

Zhao D, Ma J, Wang X, Tian X. Personalized Location Anonymity - A Kernel Density Estimation Approach. In: Cui B, Zhang N, Xu J, Lian X, Liu D, eds. Web-Age Information Management: 17th International Conference, WAIM 2016, Nanchang, China, June 3-5, 2016, Proceedings, Part II. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing; 2016:52-64.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for American Journal of Public Health.

Blog post

Taub B. Smart Homes Of The Future Could Read And React To Your Emotions. IFLScience. September 21, 2016. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/smart-homes-future-could-read-react-your-emotions/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. National Airspace System: Assessment of FAA’s Efforts to Augment the Global Positioning System. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1995.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Bacus M. Disturb the Morning. Doctoral dissertation. Southern Illinois University; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

MacFARQUHAR N. Russia, Jailer of Local Separatists, Hosts Foreign Ones. New York Times. September 25, 2016:A6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	American Journal of Public Health
Abbreviation	Am. J. Public Health
ISSN (print)	0090-0036
ISSN (online)	1541-0048
Scope	Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health