How to format your references using the BMC Clinical Pharmacology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for BMC Clinical Pharmacology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Thorp HH. CHEMISTRY: Harnessing the Power of Diatomics. Science. 2000;289:882–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Wright CW, Duckett CS. The aryl hydrocarbon nuclear translocator alters CD30-mediated NF-kappaB-dependent transcription. Science. 2009;323:251–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Zhao BS, Meijer G, Schöllkopf W. Quantum reflection of He2 several nanometers above a grating surface. Science. 2011;331:892–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Ishida S, Iwamoto T, Kabuto C, Kira M. A stable silicon-based allene analogue with a formally sp-hybridized silicon atom. Nature. 2003;421:725–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Chandra S. Energy, Entropy and Engines. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

1. Zsolnai L, Boda Z, Fekete L, editors. Ethical Prospects: Economy, Society, and Environment. 1st edition. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

1. McGee RW. Disclosure and Transparency. In: McGee RW, editor. Corporate Governance in Transition Economies. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2009. p. 41–5.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for BMC Clinical Pharmacology.

Blog post

1. Hale T. The White Sand Dunes Of New Mexico Are A Weird And Wonderful Place. IFLScience. 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/the-white-sand-dunes-of-new-mexico-are-a-weird-and-wonderful-place/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Hurricanes Katrina and Rita: Temporary Emergency Impact Aid Provided Education Support for Displaced Students. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2011.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Mayorga J. MSW students’ perception of mental health competence. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Kovaleski SF. Supervisors Of Gunman Were Told Of Issues. New York Times. 2013;:A10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	BMC Clinical Pharmacology
ISSN (print)	1472-6904
Scope

Research and Writing Guides