How to format your references using the American Journal of Physiology - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for American Journal of Physiology - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ferry DK. Applied physics. Ohm’s law in a quantum world. Science 335: 45–46, 2012.

A journal article with 2 authors

Finney J, Acton JM. Nuclear-weapons dismantlement: identifying a hidden warhead. Nature 510: 476–477, 2014.

A journal article with 3 authors

Goda K, Tsia KK, Jalali B. Serial time-encoded amplified imaging for real-time observation of fast dynamic phenomena. Nature 458: 1145–1149, 2009.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Al-Dirini F, Hossain FM, Nirmalathas A, Skafidas E. All-graphene planar self-switching MISFEDs, Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor Field-Effect Diodes. Sci Rep 4: 3983, 2014.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Anderson D. TKO Hiring! Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007.

An edited book

Choudhury B. Active Terahertz Metamaterial for Biomedical Applications. 1st ed. 2016. Singapore: Springer, 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Maher CA, Sran MK, Yankelewitz D. Building an Inductive Argument. In: Combinatorics and Reasoning: Representing, Justifying and Building Isomorphisms, edited by Maher CA, Powell AB, Uptegrove EB. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010, p. 45–57.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for American Journal of Physiology - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Dolphin Study Suggests Saturated Fat Could Help Prevent Diabetes [Online]. IFLScience IFLScience: 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/dolphin-study-suggests-saturated-fat-could-help-prevent-diabetes/ [30 Oct. 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Review of Selected Areas of Financial and Property Administration of Federal City College. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1971.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kaplan JW. Not a sonata: A conception of Sonata-Allegro form and a consideration of two marimba works from a Langerian perspective. California State University, Long Beach: 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Beachy SC. Mars, Observed. New York Times: D2, 2014.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (2).
This sentence cites two references (2, 4).
This sentence cites four references (2, 4, 6, 8).

About the journal

Full journal title	American Journal of Physiology - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology
Abbreviation	Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol.
ISSN (print)	0193-1857
ISSN (online)	1522-1547
Scope	Physiology Gastroenterology Hepatology Physiology (medical)