How to format your references using the American Journal of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Medicine and Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for American Journal of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Medicine and Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Knight RT. Neuroscience. Neural networks debunk phrenology. Science 2007;316:1578–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Salazar-Ciudad I, Jernvall J. A computational model of teeth and the developmental origins of morphological variation. Nature 2010;464:583–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Cai W, Vasudev AP, Brongersma ML. Electrically controlled nonlinear generation of light with plasmonics. Science 2011;333:1720–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Garcia-Perez JL, Morell M, Scheys JO, Kulpa DA, Morell S, Carter CC, et al. Epigenetic silencing of engineered L1 retrotransposition events in human embryonic carcinoma cells. Nature 2010;466:769–73.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Torres-Moreno J-M. Automatic Text Summarization. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2014.

An edited book

[1]

Nishigaki M, Jøsang A, Murayama Y, Marsh S, editors. Trust Management IV: 4th IFIP WG 11.11 International Conference, IFIPTM 2010, Morioka, Japan, June 16-18, 2010. Proceedings. vol. 321. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Claverol M, Garijo D, Korman M, Seara C, Silveira RI. Stabbing Segments with Rectilinear Objects. In: Kosowski A, Walukiewicz I, editors. Fundamentals of Computation Theory: 20th International Symposium, FCT 2015, Gdańsk, Poland, August 17-19, 2015, Proceedings, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015, p. 53–64.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for American Journal of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Medicine and Surgery.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Blocking “Pro-Aging” Molecule Could Reverse Memory Loss. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/blocking-pro-aging-molecule-could-reverse-memory-loss/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Air Traffic Control: FAA’s Acquisition Management Has Improved, but Policies and Oversight Need Strengthening to Help Ensure Results. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2004.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Kino MY. My Concierge MD, Inc. a business plan. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Protess B. Corzine Tries a Wall Street Comeback. New York Times 2017:BU1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	American Journal of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Medicine and Surgery
Abbreviation	Am. J. Otolaryngol.
ISSN (print)	0196-0709
Scope	Otorhinolaryngology