How to format your references using the American Journal of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Medicine and Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for American Journal of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Medicine and Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Dennell R. Palaeoanthropology: Homo sapiens in China 80,000 years ago. Nature 2015;526:647–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Prives C, Lowe SW. Cancer: Mutant p53 and chromatin regulation. Nature 2015;525:199–200.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Cohen S, Zhou Z, Greenberg ME. Medicine. Activating a repressor. Science 2008;320:1172–3.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Grantham BA, Chan F, Nielsen KJ, Fox DS, Barth JA, Huyer A, et al. Upwelling-driven nearshore hypoxia signals ecosystem and oceanographic changes in the northeast Pacific. Nature 2004;429:749–54.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Ghiani G, Laporte G, Musmanno R. Introduction to Logistics Systems Planning and Control. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2005.

An edited book

[1]

Battiato S, Blanc-Talon J, Gallo G, Philips W, Popescu D, Scheunders P, editors. Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems: 16th International Conference, ACIVS 2015, Catania, Italy, October 26-29, 2015. Proceedings. vol. 9386. 1st ed. 2015. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Bressler SL. The Formation of Global Neurocognitive State. In: Perlovsky LI, Kozma R, editors. Neurodynamics of Cognition and Consciousness, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007, p. 61–72.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for American Journal of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Medicine and Surgery.

Blog post

[1]

Fang J. Marmoset Babies Learn to Wait for Their Turn to Talk. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/marmoset-babies-learn-wait-their-turn-talk/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. School Meal Programs: Sharing Information on Best Practices May Improve Programs’ Operations. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1997.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Cannon CA. Comparison of language arts scores between computerized and teacher differentiation of instruction. Doctoral dissertation. Capella University, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

St. John Kelly E. Springer’s Harvest. New York Times 1998:D10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	American Journal of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Medicine and Surgery
Abbreviation	Am. J. Otolaryngol.
ISSN (print)	0196-0709
Scope	Otorhinolaryngology