How to format your references using the American Journal of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Medicine and Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for American Journal of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Medicine and Surgery. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Young KD. Microbiology. A flipping cell wall ferry. Science 2014;345:139–40.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Martin TJ, Mundy GR. Bone metastasis: can osteoclasts be excluded? Nature 2007;445:E19; discussion E19-20.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Sellman BR, Mourez M, Collier RJ. Dominant-negative mutants of a toxin subunit: an approach to therapy of anthrax. Science 2001;292:695–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Giraldo O, Brock SL, Marquez M, Suib SL, Hillhouse H, Tsapatsis M. Spontaneous formation of inorganic helices. Nature 2000;405:38.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Matthews GG. Cellular Physiology of Nerve and Muscle. Malden, MA USA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.; 2002.

An edited book

[1]

Delgado JMPQ. Hygrothermal Numerical Simulation Tools Applied to Building Physics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Pan Z, Cheok AD, Yang H, Zhu J, Shi J. Virtual Reality and Mixed Reality for Virtual Learning Environments. In: Pan Z, Aylett R, Diener H, Jin X, Göbel S, Li L, editors. Technologies for E-Learning and Digital Entertainment: First International Conference, Edutainment 2006, Hangzhou, China, April 16-19, 2006. Proceedings, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006, p. 6–6.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for American Journal of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Medicine and Surgery.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Pseudoscience And Conspiracy Theory Are Not Victimless Crimes Against Science. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/pseudoscience-and-conspiracy-theory-are-not-victimless-crimes-against-science/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. School Meal Programs: Implications of Adjusting Income Eligibility Thresholds and Reimbursement Rates by Geographic Differences. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2014.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Castiglione A. Counterproductive work behaviors: The role of employee support policies, envy, and narcissism. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Hollander S. Inspiring Without Saying a Word. New York Times 1999:F3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	American Journal of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Medicine and Surgery
Abbreviation	Am. J. Otolaryngol.
ISSN (print)	0196-0709
Scope	Otorhinolaryngology