How to format your references using the American Journal of Orthopsychiatry citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for American Journal of Orthopsychiatry. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bender, E. (2014). Epidemiology: The dominant malignancy. Nature, 513(7517), S2-3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Freidin, E., & Kacelnik, A. (2011). Rational choice, context dependence, and the value of information in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). Science (New York, N.Y.), 334(6058), 1000–1002.

A journal article with 3 authors

Mayr, C., Hemann, M. T., & Bartel, D. P. (2007). Disrupting the pairing between let-7 and Hmga2 enhances oncogenic transformation. Science (New York, N.Y.), 315(5818), 1576–1579.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Novelli, F., Fausti, D., Giusti, F., Parmigiani, F., & Hoffmann, M. (2013). Mixed regime of light-matter interaction revealed by phase sensitive measurements of the dynamical Franz-Keldysh effect. Scientific Reports, 3, 1227.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Larrieu, N., & Varet, A. (2014). Rapid Prototyping of Software for Avionics Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Lioui, A. (2005). Dynamic Asset Allocation with Forwards and Futures (P. Poncet, Ed.). Springer US.

A chapter in an edited book

Pongpunwattana, A., & Rysdyk, R. (2007). Evolution-based Dynamic Path Planning for Autonomous Vehicles. In J. S. Chahl, L. C. Jain, A. Mizutani, & M. Sato-Ilic (Eds.), Innovations in Intelligent Machines - 1 (pp. 113–145). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for American Journal of Orthopsychiatry.

Blog post

Hale, T. (2017, March 24). Super Rare Wildcat Spotted In The Wild. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/super-rare-wildcat-spotted-in-the-wild/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1990). Transportation Infrastructure: A Comparison of Federal and State Highway Laws (RCED-90-157). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Huber, J. A. (2012). Building an army: A corollary study of group interaction and group productivity [Doctoral dissertation]. Capella University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Winerip, M., Schwirtz, M., & Gebeloff, R. (2016, December 4). For Blacks Facing Parole, Signs of Broken System in New York. New York Times, A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bender, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Bender, 2014; Freidin & Kacelnik, 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Freidin & Kacelnik, 2011)
Three or more authors: (Novelli et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	American Journal of Orthopsychiatry
Abbreviation	Am. J. Orthopsychiatry
ISSN (print)	0002-9432
ISSN (online)	1939-0025
Scope	Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) Psychiatry and Mental health Psychology (miscellaneous) Developmental and Educational Psychology