How to format your references using the American Journal of Orthopsychiatry citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for American Journal of Orthopsychiatry. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hartzell, H. C. (2007). Cell biology. The stress of relaxation. Science (New York, N.Y.), 317(5843), 1331–1332.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hagan, J., & Palloni, A. (2006). Social science. Death in Darfur. Science (New York, N.Y.), 313(5793), 1578–1579.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wong, C. P., Luo, S., & Zhang, Z. (2000). MICROELECTRONICS: Flip the Chip. Science (New York, N.Y.), 290(5500), 2269–2270.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Oury, F., Murakami, Y., Renaud, J.-S., Pasqualetti, M., Charnay, P., Ren, S.-Y., & Rijli, F. M. (2006). Hoxa2- and rhombomere-dependent development of the mouse facial somatosensory map. Science (New York, N.Y.), 313(5792), 1408–1413.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Xiu, L. (2012). Nanometer Frequency Synthesis Beyond the Phase-Locked Loop. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Kilian, J. (Ed.). (2005). Theory of Cryptography: Second Theory of Cryptography Conference, TCC 2005, Cambridge, MA, USA, February 10-12, 2005. Proceedings (Vol. 3378). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Risku, M., & Pulkkinen, S. (2016). Finland: Finnish Principal. In H. Ärlestig, C. Day, & O. Johansson (Eds.), A Decade of Research on School Principals: Cases from 24 Countries (pp. 61–75). Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for American Journal of Orthopsychiatry.

Blog post

Hale, T. (2016, July 8). Is Virtual Reality The Future Of Porn? IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/is-virtual-reality-the-future-of-porn/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1981). Review of the High Speed Antiradiation Missile Program (C-MASAD-81–7). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Johnson, A. (2015). Instructional Practices in Physical Education Programs for Students with Disabilities [Doctoral dissertation]. Northcentral University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Schilling, M. K. (2013, May 17). ‘I’ve Always Dreamed About Being Joe Pesci in “Goodfellas.” .’ New York Times, MM24.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Hartzell, 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Hagan & Palloni, 2006; Hartzell, 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hagan & Palloni, 2006)
Three authors: (Wong et al., 2000)
6 or more authors: (Oury et al., 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	American Journal of Orthopsychiatry
Abbreviation	Am. J. Orthopsychiatry
ISSN (print)	0002-9432
ISSN (online)	1939-0025
Scope	Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) Psychiatry and Mental health Psychology (miscellaneous) Developmental and Educational Psychology