How to format your references using the American Journal of Orthopsychiatry citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for American Journal of Orthopsychiatry. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bernhard, J. M. (2003). Potential symbionts in bathyal foraminifera. Science (New York, N.Y.), 299(5608), 861.

A journal article with 2 authors

Schwartz, D., & Collins, F. (2007). Medicine. Environmental biology and human disease. Science (New York, N.Y.), 316(5825), 695–696.

A journal article with 3 authors

Agrawal, A. F., Brodie, E. D., 3rd, & Brown, J. (2001). Parent-offspring coadaptation and the dual genetic control of maternal care. Science (New York, N.Y.), 292(5522), 1710–1712.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Topál, J., Gergely, G., Erdohegyi, A., Csibra, G., & Miklósi, A. (2009). Differential sensitivity to human communication in dogs, wolves, and human infants. Science (New York, N.Y.), 325(5945), 1269–1272.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Iyengar, S. S., Parameshwaran, N., Phoha, V. V., Balakrishnan, N., & Okoye, C. D. (2010). Fundamentals of Sensor Network Programming. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Zeuch, M. (Ed.). (2016). Handbook of Human Resources Management. Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Burns, B., Innes, J., & Day, T. (2012). The Use and Potential of Pest-Proof Fencing for Ecosystem Restoration and Fauna Conservation in New Zealand. In M. J. Somers & M. Hayward (Eds.), Fencing for Conservation: Restriction of Evolutionary Potential or a Riposte to Threatening Processes? (pp. 65–90). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for American Journal of Orthopsychiatry.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014, September 26). What Makes Tattoos Permanent? IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/what-makes-tattoos-permanent11/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1990). Commerce ADP Procurement: Contracting and Market Share Information (IMTEC-90-77FS). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Joshi, R. A. (2010). Adaptive nulling in multiple beam antennas using quantized state adaptive algorithms [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg, B. (2017, September 26). I Am Another You. New York Times, C4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bernhard, 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Bernhard, 2003; Schwartz & Collins, 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Schwartz & Collins, 2007)
Three authors: (Agrawal et al., 2001)
6 or more authors: (Topál et al., 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	American Journal of Orthopsychiatry
Abbreviation	Am. J. Orthopsychiatry
ISSN (print)	0002-9432
ISSN (online)	1939-0025
Scope	Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) Psychiatry and Mental health Psychology (miscellaneous) Developmental and Educational Psychology