How to format your references using the American Journal of Criminal Justice citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for American Journal of Criminal Justice. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Miller, J. R. (2012). Applied physics. Valuing reversible energy storage. Science (New York, N.Y.), 335(6074), 1312–1313.

A journal article with 2 authors

Friedman, J. R., & Nunnari, J. (2014). Mitochondrial form and function. Nature, 505(7483), 335–343.

A journal article with 3 authors

Tong, S., Meagher, S., & Vollenhoven, B. (2002). Sonography: dizygotic twin survival in early pregnancy. Nature, 416(6877), 142.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Hoege, C., Pfander, B., Moldovan, G.-L., Pyrowolakis, G., & Jentsch, S. (2002). RAD6-dependent DNA repair is linked to modification of PCNA by ubiquitin and SUMO. Nature, 419(6903), 135–141.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kay, R. (2014). Statistical Thinking for Non-Statisticians in Drug Regulation. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Ortega, Y. R. (Ed.). (2006). Foodborne Parasites. Boston, MA: Springer US.

A chapter in an edited book

dell’Isola, F., Auffray, N., Eremeyev, V. A., Madeo, A., Placidi, L., & Rosi, G. (2014). Least Action Principle for Second Gradient Continua and Capillary Fluids: A Lagrangian Approach Following Piola’s Point of View. In F. dell’Isola, G. Maier, U. Perego, U. Andreaus, R. Esposito, & S. Forest (Eds.), The complete works of Gabrio Piola: Volume I: Commented English Translation (pp. 606–694). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for American Journal of Criminal Justice.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2013, October 2). Forces of Evolution. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/forces-evolution/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1999). Year 2000 Computing Crisis: Status of the Water Industry (No. AIMD-99-151). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Herman, G. S. (2013). Terahertz local oscillator via difference frequency generation in iii-v semiconductors using frequency stabilized lasers (Doctoral dissertation). University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Barnard, A., Saad, H., & Hubbard, B. (2016, December 16). Thousands of Residents Still Trapped in Aleppo as Evacuations Break Down. New York Times, p. A9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Miller 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Friedman and Nunnari 2014; Miller 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Friedman and Nunnari 2014)
Three or more authors: (Hoege et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	American Journal of Criminal Justice
Abbreviation	Am. J. Crim. Justice
ISSN (print)	1066-2316
ISSN (online)	1936-1351
Scope	Law