How to format your references using the American Journal of Criminal Justice citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for American Journal of Criminal Justice. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Humphries, C. (2011). Genetics: Profiling a shape-shifter. Nature, 480(7377), S50-1.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gilman, S. L., & Glaze, F. E. (2005). History of science. “How science survived”--medieval manuscripts as fossils. Science (New York, N.Y.), 307(5713), 1208–1209.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lonsdorf, E. V., Eberly, L. E., & Pusey, A. E. (2004). Sex differences in learning in chimpanzees. Nature, 428(6984), 715–716.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Murchison, E. P., Tovar, C., Hsu, A., Bender, H. S., Kheradpour, P., Rebbeck, C. A., et al. (2010). The Tasmanian devil transcriptome reveals Schwann cell origins of a clonally transmissible cancer. Science (New York, N.Y.), 327(5961), 84–87.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Groves, E. (2009). The Constant Contact Guide to Email Marketing. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Kartikeyan, S. (2007). HIV and AIDS: Basic Elements and Priorities. (R. N. Bharmal, R. P. Tiwari, & P. S. Bisen, Eds.). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

King, R. J. (2015). Graves’ Disease Associated with a Thyroid Nodule. In R. Ajjan & S. M. Orme (Eds.), Endocrinology and Diabetes: Case Studies, Questions and Commentaries (pp. 25–30). London: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for American Journal of Criminal Justice.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J. (2017, March 20). Shaquille O’Neal Thinks Earth Is Flat Because It Doesn’t Go Up And Down When He Drives. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/shaquille-oneal-thinks-earth-is-flat-because-it-doesnt-go-up-and-down-when-he-drives/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1997). Highway Safety: NHTSA’s Motorcycle Helmet Activities (No. RCED-98-44R). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mantilla, A. N. (2012). The differences in the educational experiences and caregiver involvement in education between youth in foster care and those in care of their biological parents (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Link, K. (2016, August 5). Letting All the ‘What Ifs’ Out to Play. New York Times, p. BR8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Humphries 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Gilman and Glaze 2005; Humphries 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gilman and Glaze 2005)
Three or more authors: (Murchison et al. 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	American Journal of Criminal Justice
Abbreviation	Am. J. Crim. Justice
ISSN (print)	1066-2316
ISSN (online)	1936-1351
Scope	Law