How to format your references using the American Journal of Clinical Pathology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for American Journal of Clinical Pathology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Messersmith PB. Materials science. Multitasking in tissues and materials. Science 2008;319:1767-1768.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Meier MF, Dyurgerov MB. Sea level changes. How Alaska affects the world. Science 2002;297:350-351.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Fiorin G, Carnevale V, DeGrado WF. Structural biology. The flu’s proton escort. Science 2010;330:456-458.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

1. Bahar F, Pratt-Szeliga PC, Angus S, et al. Describing Myxococcus xanthus aggregation using Ostwald ripening equations for thin liquid films. Sci Rep 2014;4:6376.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Simon L. Control of Biological and Drug-Delivery Systems for Chemical, Biomedical, and Pharmaceutical Engineering. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

1. Kamide Y, Chian A, eds. Handbook of the Solar-Terrestrial Environment. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Jauch EC, Holmstedt C. Intravenous Thrombolytic Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke: Results of Large, Randomized Clinical Trials. In: Lyden PD, ed. Thrombolytic Therapy for Acute Stroke. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015:95-111.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for American Journal of Clinical Pathology.

Blog post

1. Evans K. Aerial Survey Shows Huge Pacific “Garbage Patch” Is Even Bigger Than Thought. IFLScience 2016. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/aerial-survey-shows-huge-pacific-garbage-patch-is-even-bigger-than-thought/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Compensatory Education: Chapter 1’s Comparability of Services Provision. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1987.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Rendleman AJ. Energetics of Physiological Plasticity during Larval Development of the Sand Dollar, Dendraster Excentricus. 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Gregory Mankiw N. Advice for Trump: Ask an Economist. New York Times. March 10, 2017:BU3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	American Journal of Clinical Pathology
Abbreviation	Am. J. Clin. Pathol.
ISSN (print)	0002-9173
ISSN (online)	1943-7722
Scope	General Medicine