How to format your references using the Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (OPRS). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Parsch J. Evolution. The cost of being male. Science. 2011;332(6031):798-799.

A journal article with 2 authors

Milton AL, Everitt BJ. Neuroscience. Wiping drug memories. Science. 2012;336(6078):167-168.

A journal article with 3 authors

Araki T, Sasaki Y, Milbrandt J. Increased nuclear NAD biosynthesis and SIRT1 activation prevent axonal degeneration. Science. 2004;305(5686):1010-1013.

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Higgins BL, Berry DW, Bartlett SD, et al. Entanglement-free Heisenberg-limited phase estimation. Nature. 2007;450(7168):393-396.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Shaw MT. Introduction to Polymer Rheology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

Roman CT, Burdick DM, eds. Tidal Marsh Restoration: A Synthesis of Science and Management. Island Press/Center for Resource Economics; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Lee YS, Malek F, Cheng EM, et al. Composites Based on Rice Husk Ash/Polyester for Use as Microwave Absorber. In: Sulaiman HA, Othman MA, Abd. Aziz MZA, Abd Malek MF, eds. Theory and Applications of Applied Electromagnetics: APPEIC 2014. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer International Publishing; 2015:41-48.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.

Blog post

Carpineti C. Only 2% Of People Can Solve “Einstein’s Riddle.” IFLScience. March 14, 2017. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/only-2-of-people-can-solve-einsteins-riddle/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. DOD Still Needs To Clarify Policies for Performing Research and Development for Other Agencies. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1980.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Khanabadi Ghehi M. Global Operation of Integrated Decentralized Power Systems. Doctoral dissertation. Mississippi State University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L. Supreme Court Gives Employees Broader Protection Against Retaliation in Workplace. New York Times. June 23, 2006:A22.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Abbreviation	Ophthal. Plast. Reconstr. Surg.
ISSN (print)	0740-9303
ISSN (online)	1537-2677
Scope	General Medicine Ophthalmology Surgery