How to format your references using the Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (OPRS). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

DeLong EF. Microbiology. Life on the thermodynamic edge. Science. 2007;317(5836):327-328.

A journal article with 2 authors

Engelhardt KA, Ritchie ME. Effects of macrophyte species richness on wetland ecosystem functioning and services. Nature. 2001;411(6838):687-689.

A journal article with 3 authors

Yi-Xiang Y, Ye J, Liu WM. Goldstone and Higgs modes of photons inside a cavity. Sci Rep. 2013;3:3476.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Lumelsky N, Blondel O, Laeng P, Velasco I, Ravin R, McKay R. Differentiation of embryonic stem cells to insulin-secreting structures similar to pancreatic islets. Science. 2001;292(5520):1389-1394.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Jones DW. Economic Theory and the Ancient Mediterranean. John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2014.

An edited book

Kaneko M, Nakamura Y, eds. Robotics Research: The 13th International Symposium ISRR. Vol 66. Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Jou YH. Family Relationship Quality and Its Psychological Effects Among Taiwanese Adolescents. In: Yi CC, ed. The Psychological Well-Being of East Asian Youth. Quality of Life in Asia. Springer Netherlands; 2013:69-88.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.

Blog post

Andrew E. Dreamscope App Uses Deep Dream By Google To Create More Surreal Horror Art. IFLScience. Published July 31, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/space/dreamscope-app-uses-deep-dream-google-create-more-surreal-horror-art/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. A List of Selected GAO Publications Containing Checklists or Guidance on Computer Software Topics. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1984.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gill GJ. The Experience of Family Caregiving of the Terminally Ill: A Phenomenological Study. Doctoral dissertation. Capella University; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly C. For the Stressed Business Owner, a Range of Pursuits to Revive the Spirit. New York Times. September 3, 2009:B7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Abbreviation	Ophthal. Plast. Reconstr. Surg.
ISSN (print)	0740-9303
ISSN (online)	1537-2677
Scope	General Medicine Ophthalmology Surgery

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