How to format your references using the American Journal of Clinical Dermatology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for American Journal of Clinical Dermatology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Anderson K. Talks in the city of light generate more heat. Nature. 2015;528:437.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Olson EL, Allen RM. The deterministic nature of earthquake rupture. Nature. 2005;438:212–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Bai T, Pollard DD, Gao H. Explanation for fracture spacing in layered materials. Nature. 2000;403:753–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Bishop JKB, Wood TJ, Davis RE, Sherman JT. Robotic observations of enhanced carbon biomass and export at 55 degrees during SOFeX. Science. 2004;304:417–20.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Dubil R. Financial Engineering and Arbitrage in the Financial Markets. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.; 2011.

An edited book

1. Ball VE, Fanfani R, Gutierrez L, editors. The Economic Impact of Public Support to Agriculture: An International Perspective. New York, NY: Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Rauschmayr N, Streit A. Reducing the Memory Footprint of Parallel Applications with KSM. In: Keller R, Kramer D, Weiss J-P, editors. Facing the Multicore-Challenge III: Aspects of New Paradigms and Technologies in Parallel Computing. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013. p. 48–59.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for American Journal of Clinical Dermatology.

Blog post

1. Hale T. World’s First Head Transplant Will Use Virtual Reality To Prepare Patients [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/world-s-first-head-transplant-will-use-virtual-reality-to-prepare-patients/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Applying Agreed-Upon Procedures: Airport and Airway Trust Fund Excise Taxes. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2004 Nov. Report No.: GAO-05-29R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Bergemann E. Exploring psychotherapist empathic attunement from a psychoneurobiological perspective: Is empathy enhanced by yoga and meditation? [Doctoral dissertation]. [Carpinteria, CA]: Pacifica Graduate Institute; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Liptak A, Shear MD. Top Court Puts Gerrymandering On Unclear Path. New York Times. 2017 Oct 3;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	American Journal of Clinical Dermatology
Abbreviation	Am. J. Clin. Dermatol.
ISSN (print)	1175-0561
ISSN (online)	1179-1888
Scope	General Medicine Dermatology