How to format your references using the American Journal of Clinical Dermatology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for American Journal of Clinical Dermatology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Thomas C. Cardiovascular biology. Nature. 2011;473:297.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Zhang L, Doudna JA. Structural insights into group II intron catalysis and branch-site selection. Science. 2002;295:2084–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Auerbach BD, Osterweil EK, Bear MF. Mutations causing syndromic autism define an axis of synaptic pathophysiology. Nature. 2011;480:63–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Jiang Q, Zhou Z, Wang L, Yang C, Wang J, Wu T, et al. Mutual modulation between norepinephrine and nitric oxide in haemocytes during the mollusc immune response. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6963.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Epperlein PW. Semiconductor Laser Engineering, Reliability and Diagnostics. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2013.

An edited book

1. Fleagle JG, Gilbert CC, editors. Elwyn Simons: A Search for Origins. New York, NY: Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Hadjab H, Arbia A, Boulekfouf O. The Use of Ultrasonic Waves and Analytical Modeling to Estimate Elasticity Modulus of Rubber Concrete Specimen. In: Öchsner A, Altenbach H, editors. Design and Computation of Modern Engineering Materials. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014. p. 49–57.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for American Journal of Clinical Dermatology.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Life Could Be Possible On Sideways Exoplanet If It Has Oceans. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Graduate Medical Education: Trends in Training and Student Debt. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2009 May. Report No.: GAO-09-438R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Knudsen E. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder empowerment program: A grant project [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Otis J. Bypassing Stigma to Take Care of Herself and a Daughter Like Her. New York Times. 2016 Dec 26;A16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	American Journal of Clinical Dermatology
Abbreviation	Am. J. Clin. Dermatol.
ISSN (print)	1175-0561
ISSN (online)	1179-1888
Scope	General Medicine Dermatology