How to format your references using the Alpine Entomology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Alpine Entomology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Reichhardt T (2000) Funding woes spell doom for US radio dish. Nature 404: 7.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ullman KS, Powers MA (2015) STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY. Locking down the core of the pore. Science (New York, N.Y.) 350: 33–34.

A journal article with 3 authors

Poinar H, Kuch M, Pääbo S (2001) Molecular analyses of oral polio vaccine samples. Science (New York, N.Y.) 292: 743–744.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Schmid S, Kurek M, Adolphsen JQ, Boisen A (2013) Real-time single airborne nanoparticle detection with nanomechanical resonant filter-fiber. Scientific reports 3: 1288.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lipiansky E (2012) Electrical, Electronics, and Digital Hardware Essentials for Scientists and Engineers. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Prusinski B (2011) Expert Oracle GoldenGate. Phillips S, Chung R (Eds). Apress, Berkeley, CA, XX, 352 p. 110 illus pp.

A chapter in an edited book

Wang JG, Yang J (2016) Targeting Sophisticated Investors—Private Placement Bond. In: Yang J (Ed.), Financing without Bank Loans: New Alternatives for Funding SMEs in China. Springer, Singapore, 37–53.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Alpine Entomology.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J (2017) Amazon’s Jeff Bezos Wants Humans To Colonize The Moon With His Help. IFLScience. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/amazons-jeff-bezos-wants-humans-to-colonize-the-moon-with-his-help/ (October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2010) Aviation and the Environment: Systematically Addressing Environmental Impacts and Community Concerns Can Help Airports Reduce Project Delays. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Du L (2012) Economic model for vehicle ownership quota policy analysis. Doctoral dissertation. University of Maryland, College Park

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Lee L (2015) Knit 1, Curl Up 2. New York Times: D3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Reichhardt 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Reichhardt 2000, Ullman and Powers 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Ullman and Powers 2015)
Three or more authors: (Schmid et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Alpine Entomology
ISSN (online)	2535-0889
Scope