How to format your references using the African Journal of Urology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for African Journal of Urology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Woof JM. Immunology. Tipping the scales toward more effective antibodies. Science 2005;310:1442–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Nachev P, Husain M. Comment on “Detecting awareness in the vegetative state.” Science 2007;315:1221; author reply 1221.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Scarola VW, Park K, Jain JK. Cooper instability of composite fermions. Nature 2000;406:863–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Litt MD, Simpson M, Gaszner M, Allis CD, Felsenfeld G. Correlation between histone lysine methylation and developmental changes at the chicken beta-globin locus. Science 2001;293:2453–5.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

de Gyurky SM. The Cognitive Dynamics of Computer Science. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2006.

An edited book

[1]

Ahmad P, Prasad MNV, editors. Abiotic Stress Responses in Plants: Metabolism, Productivity and Sustainability. New York, NY: Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Cortese PF, Di Battista G, Patrignani M, Pizzonia M. On Embedding a Cycle in a Plane Graph. In: Healy P, Nikolov NS, editors. Graph Drawing: 13th International Symposium, GD 2005, Limerick, Ireland, September 12-14, 2005. Revised Papers, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2006, p. 49–60.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for African Journal of Urology.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Bizarre, Balloon-Shaped Animal Fossil Discovered. IFLScience 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/bizarre-balloon-shaped-animal-fossil-discovered/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Aviation Research: Actions to Enhance the Effectiveness of FAA’s Research Activities. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1993.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Gomez-Zuebisch LC. A phenomenological exploration of the learning values derived from instructional short videos among adult learners. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Chira S. New Era After O’Reilly? Women Aren’t So Sure. New York Times 2017:B7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	African Journal of Urology
Abbreviation	Afr. J. Urol.
ISSN (print)	1110-5704
Scope	Urology