How to format your references using the African Journal of Urology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for African Journal of Urology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Bowen G. Hydrology: The diversified economics of soil water. Nature 2015;525:43–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Bjerrum CJ, Canfield DE. Ocean productivity before about 1.9 Gyr ago limited by phosphorus adsorption onto iron oxides. Nature 2002;417:159–62.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Arita I, Nakane M, Fenner F. Public health. Is polio eradication realistic? Science 2006;312:852–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Anderson LL, Mao X, Scott BA, Crowder CM. Survival from hypoxia in C. elegans by inactivation of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Science 2009;323:630–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Wells AR, Chiang K. Monetizing Your Data. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2017.

An edited book

[1]

Smith H, McDermott JC, editors. The Foxfire Approach: Inspiration for Classrooms and Beyond. Rotterdam: SensePublishers; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Woolley JL. Opportunities for Social Value Creation Across Supply Chain Interactions. In: Pate L, Wankel C, editors. Emerging Research Directions in Social Entrepreneurship, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2014, p. 51–66.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for African Journal of Urology.

Blog post

[1]

Hale T. Video Of A Mock Occult Ritual At CERN Circulates Online. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/video-of-a-mock-occult-ritual-at-cern-circulates-online/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Changes Needed in the Tax Laws Governing the Exclusion for Scholarships and Fellowships and the Deduction of Job-Related Educational Expenses. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1978.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Hensley AL. Gender, personality, and coping: Unraveling gender in military post -deployment physical and mental wellness. Doctoral dissertation. Capella University, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Saslow L. At Museum Shops, Unusual Selections. New York Times 2005:14LI12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	African Journal of Urology
Abbreviation	Afr. J. Urol.
ISSN (print)	1110-5704
Scope	Urology