How to format your references using the African Journal of Urology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for African Journal of Urology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

PaperpileThe citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNoteFind the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and othersThe style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeXBibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author
[1]
Hamilton C. No, we should not just “at least do the research.” Nature 2013;496:139.
A journal article with 2 authors
[1]
Holland MD, Hastings A. Strong effect of dispersal network structure on ecological dynamics. Nature 2008;456:792–4.
A journal article with 3 authors
[1]
Arash B, Wang Q, Varadan VK. Mechanical properties of carbon nanotube/polymer composites. Sci Rep 2014;4:6479.
A journal article with 7 or more authors
[1]
Huang JY, Chen S, Wang ZQ, Kempa K, Wang YM, Jo SH, et al. Superplastic carbon nanotubes. Nature 2006;439:281.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book
[1]
Hens H. Building Physics - Heat, Air and Moisture. Berlin, Germany: Ernst & Sohn Verlag für Architektur und technische Wissenschaften GmbH & Co. KG; 2012.
An edited book
[1]
Goetz T, Jaritz G, Oser F, editors. Pains and Gains of International Mobility in Teacher Education. Rotterdam: SensePublishers; 2011.
A chapter in an edited book
[1]
Schweitzer Y. Change of Mind-Set Following 9/11: The few that are already willing to Resort to Weapons of Mass Destruction. In: Green MS, Zenilman J, Cohen D, Wiser I, Balicer RD, editors. Risk Assessment and Risk Communication Strategies in Bioterrorism Preparedness, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2007, p. 55–66.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for African Journal of Urology.

Blog post
[1]
Andrew D. New Device To Help Police Catch Cocaine-Using Drivers. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/new-device-to-help-police-catch-cocaineusing-drivers/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report
[1]
Government Accountability Office. Contracts Under the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation
[1]
Hammamy R. “Promoting responsible action in medical emergencies”: Determining the impact of a new University of Maryland alcohol protocol. Doctoral dissertation. University of Maryland, College Park, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article
[1]
Saslow L. A Law School Graduates From Junior High. New York Times 2007:LI2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal titleAfrican Journal of Urology
AbbreviationAfr. J. Urol.
ISSN (print)1110-5704
ScopeUrology

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