How to format your references using the Advances in Radiation Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Advances in Radiation Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Lane J. Let’s make science metrics more scientific. Nature. 2010;464(7288):488-489.

A journal article with 2 authors

Shapiro B, Hofreiter M. A paleogenomic perspective on evolution and gene function: new insights from ancient DNA. Science. 2014;343(6169):1236573.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ruff CC, Ugazio G, Fehr E. Changing social norm compliance with noninvasive brain stimulation. Science. 2013;342(6157):482-484.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Strohmaier H, Spruck CH, Kaiser P, Won KA, Sangfelt O, Reed SI. Human F-box protein hCdc4 targets cyclin E for proteolysis and is mutated in a breast cancer cell line. Nature. 2001;413(6853):316-322.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bhaskar K, Varadan Retd. TK. Plates. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2014.

An edited book

Yin X, Struik PC, eds. Crop Systems Biology: Narrowing the Gaps between Crop Modelling and Genetics. 1st ed. 2016. Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Koeszegi ST. Take the Risk and Trust? The Strategic Role of Trust in Negotiations. In: Sjöstedt G, Avenhaus R, eds. Negotiated Risks: International Talks on Hazardous Issues. Springer; 2009:1-22.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Advances in Radiation Oncology.

Blog post

Hale T. Archaeologists Discover Surprising 5,000-Year-Old Beer Recipe From Ancient China. IFLScience. Published May 24, 2016. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/archaeologists-unravel-5000-year-old-beer-recipe-ancient-china/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Medicare: Information Systems Modernization Needs Stronger Management and Support. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2001.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Melhorn SJ. The Microstructure of Food Intake under Conditions of High-Fat Diet, Social Stress and Social Subordination. Doctoral dissertation. University of Cincinnati; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Burghardt LF. Mutiny in the Harbor: One Ship Too Many. New York Times. June 4, 2006:14WC7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Advances in Radiation Oncology
Abbreviation	Adv. Radiat. Oncol.
ISSN (print)	2452-1094
Scope	Oncology Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging