How to format your references using the International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bignami, G. F. (2008). Astronomy. Gamma rays and neutron stars. Science (New York, N.Y.), 322(5905), 1193–1194.

A journal article with 2 authors

Spitale, J. N., & Porco, C. C. (2007). Association of the jets of Enceladus with the warmest regions on its south-polar fractures. Nature, 449(7163), 695–697.

A journal article with 3 authors

Collins, F. S., Morgan, M., & Patrinos, A. (2003). The Human Genome Project: lessons from large-scale biology. Science (New York, N.Y.), 300(5617), 286–290.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Sun, Y., Lei, H. X., Cui, H., Yang, G. W., Li, B. J., & Wang, C. X. (2014). Si-doped ceramic Al4O4C nanowires: full-color emission and optical waveguide behavior. Scientific Reports, 4, 6833.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

ASAE. (2013). 7 Measures of Success. ASAE: The Center for Association Leadership.

An edited book

Brown, D., & Morgenstern, B. (Eds.). (2014). Algorithms in Bioinformatics: 14th International Workshop, WABI 2014, Wroclaw, Poland, September 8-10, 2014. Proceedings (Vol. 8701). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Neurath, O. (2005). War Economy. In R. S. Cohen (Ed.), Otto Neurath Economic Writings Selections 1904–1945 (pp. 153–199). Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences.

Blog post

Davis, J. (2017, January 12). New Zealand Birds May Be Singing Songs Not Heard In The UK For Over 100 Years. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/new-zealand-birds-may-be-singing-songs-not-heard-in-the-uk-for-over-100-years/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1991). Space Data: NASA’s Future Data Volumes Create Formidable Challenges (IMTEC-91-24). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Williamson, J. W. (2009). Measurements and analysis of extinction in vitiated flame sheets [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Maryland, College Park.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow, K. (2003, January 19). For Seventh Street, a Love Letter on Film. New York Times, 146.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bignami, 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Bignami, 2008; Spitale & Porco, 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Spitale & Porco, 2007)
Three authors: (Collins et al., 2003)
6 or more authors: (Sun et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences
ISSN (print)	2214-1391
Scope	General Nursing

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