How to format your references using the Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Reid IN. Brown dwarfs. Failed stars or overachieving planets? Science. 2002;296:2154–5.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Hengel H, Koszinowski UH. Virology. A vaccine monkey wrench? Science. 2010;328:51–2.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Ford EB, Seager S, Turner EL. Characterization of extrasolar terrestrial planets from diurnal photometric variability. Nature. 2001;412:885–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Stockmann C, Doedens A, Weidemann A, Zhang N, Takeda N, Greenberg JI, et al. Deletion of vascular endothelial growth factor in myeloid cells accelerates tumorigenesis. Nature. 2008;456:814–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Clarke A, Thompson A, Jenkinson E, Rumsey N, Newell R. CBT for Appearance Anxiety. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons; 2013.

An edited book

1. Xie X. Suizhou Meteorite: Mineralogy and Shock Metamorphism. Chen M, editor. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Cousins D. Implementing Environmental and Social Risk Management on the Ground: Interfaces Between Clients, Investment Banks, Multi-laterals, Consultants and Contractors: A Case Study from the EBRD. In: Wendt K, editor. Responsible Investment Banking: Risk Management Frameworks, Sustainable Financial Innovation and Softlaw Standards. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 81–107.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica.

Blog post

1. Hale T. AI Can Predict How Much Longer You Have Left To Live [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/ai-can-predict-how-much-longer-you-have-left-to-live/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. The Summer Feeding Program: How to Feed the Children and Stop Program Abuses. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1977 Apr. Report No.: CED-77-59.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Bui L. Mind Over Matter Telepsychiatry [Doctoral dissertation]. [Long Beach, CA]: California State University, Long Beach; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. MacFARQUHAR N. Russia’s Government Does Little as H.I.V. Cases Surpass a Million. New York Times. 2016 Dec 28;A4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica
Abbreviation	Acta Vet. Scand.
ISSN (online)	1751-0147
Scope	General Medicine General Veterinary