How to format your references using the Journal of Big Data citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Big Data. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Brumfiel G. Cosmology: welcome to the real world. Nature. 2003;426:751.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Gourmelen N, Amelung F. Postseismic mantle relaxation in the Central Nevada Seismic Belt. Science. 2005;310:1473–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Zhao B, Moore JS, Beebe DJ. Surface-directed liquid flow inside microchannels. Science. 2001;291:1023–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Cerina F, Chessa A, Pammolli F, Riccaboni M. Network communities within and across borders. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4546.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Sewell G. Computational Methods of Linear Algebra. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005.

An edited book

1. Barthe G, Markatos E, Samarati P, editors. Security and Trust Management: 12th International Workshop, STM 2016, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, September 26-27, 2016, Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. García R, Suárez JC, Patenaude G. Delineation of individual tree crowns for LiDAR tree and stand parameter estimation in Scottish woodlands. In: Fabrikant SI, Wachowicz M, editors. The European Information Society: Leading the Way with Geo-information. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007. p. 55–85.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Big Data.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. A Game of Hives: Two Australian Bee Species Battle For Months Over Territory [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/game-hives-two-australian-bee-species-battle-months-over-territory/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Human Resources Information Systems Issue Area: Active Assignments. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996 Jan. Report No.: AA-96-29(1).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Hayes MG. A qualitative case study of cultural competency among Advanced Placement teachers in Florida [Doctoral dissertation]. [Phoenix, AZ]: University of Phoenix; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Lyman R, Walsh MW. Police Salaries and Pensions Push California City to Brink. New York Times. 2013 Dec 28;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Big Data
Abbreviation	J. Big Data
ISSN (online)	2196-1115
Scope

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