How to format your references using the ACM Transactions on Internet Technology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for ACM Transactions on Internet Technology (TOIT). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Chris Woolston. 2015. Breast cancer: 4 big questions. Nature 527, 7578 (November 2015), S120.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Leonid Kruglyak and David L. Stern. 2007. Evolution. An embarrassment of switches. Science 317, 5839 (August 2007), 758–759.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Mainak Mookherjee, Lars Stixrude, and Bijaya Karki. 2008. Hydrous silicate melt at high pressure. Nature 452, 7190 (April 2008), 983–986.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Zhongzhong Chen, Tianhong Zhang, Jun Lin, Zidan Yan, Yongren Wang, Weiqiang Zheng, and Kevin C. Weng. 2014. GeneSense: a new approach for human gene annotation integrated with protein-protein interaction networks. Sci. Rep. 4, (March 2014), 4474.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Michael Aichinger and Andreas Binder. 2013. A Workout in Computational Finance. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

[1]

Yuko Fujigaki (Ed.). 2015. Lessons From Fukushima: Japanese Case Studies on Science, Technology and Society. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

David Mednicoff. 2016. Change, Challenge, and Continuity in Qatari Development: Identity and Citizenship in the Fulcrum of Hyper-Globalization. In Citizenship, Belonging, and Nation-States in the Twenty-First Century, Nicole Stokes-DuPass and Ramona Fruja (eds.). Palgrave Macmillan US, New York, NY, 111–136.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for ACM Transactions on Internet Technology.

Blog post

[1]

Stephen Luntz. 2015. Cold Climates Encourage Promiscuity. IFLScience. Retrieved October 30, 2018 from https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/cold-climates-encourage-promiscuity/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. 1994. Federal Judicial Space Follow-up. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Keenan Thomas Dotson. 2009. Smoke points of microgravity and normal gravity coflow diffusion flames. Doctoral dissertation. University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Michael Paulson. 2017. Springsteen Racks Up A Big Broadway Week. New York Times, C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [2].
This sentence cites two references [3, 4].
This sentence cites four references [4, 6–8].

About the journal

Full journal title	ACM Transactions on Internet Technology
Abbreviation	ACM Trans. Internet Technol.
ISSN (print)	1533-5399
ISSN (online)	1557-6051
Scope