How to format your references using the ACM Transactions on Internet Technology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for ACM Transactions on Internet Technology (TOIT). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Paul Smaglik. 2005. Recruiters and industry. Microsoft’s European perspective. Nature 434, 7035 (April 2005), 938.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Constanze Höhberger Metzger and Khaled Karrai. 2004. Cavity cooling of a microlever. Nature 432, 7020 (December 2004), 1002–1005.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Jian-Yuan Lee, Chuyang Y. Tang, and Fengwei Huo. 2014. Fabrication of porous matrix membrane (PMM) using metal-organic framework as green template for water treatment. Sci. Rep. 4, (January 2014), 3740.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Pierre Schiano, Ariel Provost, Roberto Clocchiatti, and François Faure. 2006. Transcrystalline melt migration and Earth’s mantle. Science 314, 5801 (November 2006), 970–974.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Dennis Thompson, John D. Hogan, and Philip M. Clark. 2012. Developmental Psychology in Historical Perspective. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK.

An edited book

[1]

J. Paulo Davim (Ed.). 2015. Modern Manufacturing Engineering. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

James R. Howe and Daniel Calva. 2010. Basic Sciences and Genetics: Hamartomatous Polyposis. In Hereditary Colorectal Cancer, Miguel A. Rodriguez-Bigas, Raul Cutait, Patrick M. Lynch, Ian Tomlinson and Hans F. A. Vasen (eds.). Springer US, Boston, MA, 87–109.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for ACM Transactions on Internet Technology.

Blog post

[1]

Elise Andrew. 2014. Astronomers Discover Stellar Nurseries in Milky Way. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. 2005. Risk Management: Further Refinements Needed to Assess Risks and Prioritize Protective Measures at Ports and Other Critical Infrastructure. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Amanda Marie Spratley. 2010. Connecting Law and Creativity: The Role of Lawyers in Supporting Creative and Innovative Economic Development. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University, Washington, DC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Linda Saslow. 2008. Nassau and Suffolk Expecting More Funds. New York Times, LI5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [2].
This sentence cites two references [3, 4].
This sentence cites four references [4, 5, 7, 8].

About the journal

Full journal title	ACM Transactions on Internet Technology
Abbreviation	ACM Trans. Internet Technol.
ISSN (print)	1533-5399
ISSN (online)	1557-6051
Scope