How to format your references using the ACM Transactions on Computation Theory citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for ACM Transactions on Computation Theory (TOCT). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

L. A. Mysak. 2001. Oceanography. Patterns of Arctic circulation. Science 293, 5533 (August 2001), 1269–1270.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Gerardo Ceballos and Paul R. Ehrlich. 2002. Mammal population losses and the extinction crisis. Science 296, 5569 (May 2002), 904–907.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Stella Hurtley, Caroline Ash, and Leslie Roberts. 2010. Tuberculosis & malaria. Landscapes of infection. Introduction. Science 328, 5980 (May 2010), 841.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

A. V. Soldatov, G. Roth, A. Dzyabchenko, D. Johnels, S. Lebedkin, C. Meingast, B. Sundqvist, M. Haluska, and H. Kuzmany. 2001. Topochemical polymerization of C70 controlled by monomer crystal packing. Science 293, 5530 (July 2001), 680–683.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Kevin Anthony Teague and Nicole Gallicchio. 2017. The Evolution of Meteorology. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

[1]

Lino Cinquini. 2011. Nuovi modelli di business e creazione di valore: la Scienza dei Servizi. Springer, Milano.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Christian Garavaglia and Stefano Breschi. 2009. The Co-Evolution of Entrepreneurship and Clusters. In Growth and Innovation of Competitive Regions: The Role of Internal and External Connections, Ugo Fratesi and Lanfranco Senn (eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 95–116.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for ACM Transactions on Computation Theory.

Blog post

[1]

Tom Hale. 2016. Man Documents The Moments After He Survives Two Bear Attacks. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. 1989. Computer Systems: Actions on OMB Recommendations for a Joint Lookout System. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Larry A. Porter. 2010. Defense Support of Civilian Authorities (DSCA): What emergency managers need to know. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University, Washington, DC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Brian Friel. 2010. Where Will the G.O.P. Go Digging? New York Times, WK9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [2].
This sentence cites two references [3, 4].
This sentence cites four references [3, 5, 6, 8].

About the journal

Full journal title	ACM Transactions on Computation Theory
ISSN (print)	1942-3454
ISSN (online)	1942-3462
Scope