How to format your references using the ACM Transactions on Computation Theory citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for ACM Transactions on Computation Theory (TOCT). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

William G. Kaelin Jr. 2012. Molecular biology. Use and abuse of RNAi to study mammalian gene function. Science 337, 6093 (July 2012), 421–422.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Daniel P. Schrag and Braddock K. Linsley. 2002. Paleoclimate. Corals, chemistry, and climate. Science 296, 5566 (April 2002), 277–278.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Nathalie Depège, Stéphane Bellafiore, and Jean-David Rochaix. 2003. Role of chloroplast protein kinase Stt7 in LHCII phosphorylation and state transition in Chlamydomonas. Science 299, 5612 (March 2003), 1572–1575.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Kenji Ohta, Suzue Onoda, Kei Hirose, Ryosuke Sinmyo, Katsuya Shimizu, Nagayoshi Sata, Yasuo Ohishi, and Akira Yasuhara. 2008. The electrical conductivity of post-perovskite in Earth’s D’’ layer. Science 320, 5872 (April 2008), 89–91.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Amir Sadr. 2009. Interest Rate Swaps and Their Derivatives. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

[1]

Zhen Fang and Richard L. Smith Jr. (Eds.). 2016. Production of Biofuels and Chemicals from Lignin. Springer, Singapore.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Krzysztof Posłajko. 2015. Knowing Way Too Much: A Case Against Semantic Phenomenology. In Problems of Normativity, Rules and Rule-Following, Michał Araszkiewicz, Paweł Banaś, Tomasz Gizbert-Studnicki and Krzysztof Płeszka (eds.). Springer International Publishing, Cham, 47–55.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for ACM Transactions on Computation Theory.

Blog post

[1]

Jonathan O`Callaghan. 2016. Hyperloop Company Reveals Magnetic Levitation Tech That Will Reach Speeds Of 760mph. IFLScience. Retrieved October 30, 2018 from https://www.iflscience.com/technology/hyperloop-company-reveals-its-innovative-magnetic-levitation-will-reach-speed-760mph/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. 1971. Assessment of the Teacher Corps Program at Western Carolina University and Participating Schools in North Carolina. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Shawn M. Warren. 2015. The leadership process: An analysis of follower influence on leader behavior in hospital organizations. Doctoral dissertation. Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Michael D. Shear and Kenneth P. Vogel. 2017. Seat at Le Cirque, and a Word With Trump, for $250,000. New York Times, A20.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [2].
This sentence cites two references [2, 4].
This sentence cites four references [4, 5, 7, 8].

About the journal

Full journal title	ACM Transactions on Computation Theory
ISSN (print)	1942-3454
ISSN (online)	1942-3462
Scope