How to format your references using the AAPS Open citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for AAPS Open. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ambrose SH (2006) Anthropology. A tool for all seasons. Science 314:930–931

A journal article with 2 authors

Barbraud C, Weimerskirch H (2001) Emperor penguins and climate change. Nature 411:183–186

A journal article with 3 authors

Kalas P, Liu MC, Matthews BC (2004) Discovery of a large dust disk around the nearby star AU Microscopii. Science 303:1990–1992

A journal article with 5 or more authors

White RM, Cech J, Ratanasirintrawoot S, et al (2011) DHODH modulates transcriptional elongation in the neural crest and melanoma. Nature 471:518–522

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Dubuisson S (2015) Tracking with Particle Filter for High-Dimensional Observation and State Spaces. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Rhodes B (2014) Foundations of Python Network Programming: Third Edition, Third Edition. Apress, Berkeley, CA

A chapter in an edited book

Schmieschek S, Narváez A, Harting J (2013) Multi Relaxation Time Lattice Boltzmann Simulations of Multiple Component Fluid Flows in Porous Media. In: Nagel WE, Kröner DH, Resch MM (eds) High Performance Computing in Science and Engineering ‘12: Transactions of the High Performance Computing Center, Stuttgart (HLRS) 2012. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 39–49

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for AAPS Open.

Blog post

Andrews R (2015) Scientists Turn Harmful Algal Blooms Into High-Capacity Battery Components. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1987) Financing Higher Education: Examples Comparing Existing and Proposed Student Aid Programs. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Parkinson MM (2011) Adult readers’ calibration of word learning. Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley B (2016) Time Takes the Sharp Edges Off a Femme Fatale in a David Hare Revival. New York Times C6

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ambrose 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Barbraud and Weimerskirch 2001; Ambrose 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Barbraud and Weimerskirch 2001)
Three or more authors: (White et al. 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	AAPS Open
Abbreviation	AAPS Open
ISSN (online)	2364-9534
Scope