How to format your references using the AAPS Open citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for AAPS Open. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Barrett CB (2010) Measuring food insecurity. Science 327:825–828

A journal article with 2 authors

Melnik DG, Miller TA (2008) Chemistry. The changing shapes of molecules. Science 320:881–882

A journal article with 3 authors

Sato TK, Overduin M, Emr SD (2001) Location, location, location: membrane targeting directed by PX domains. Science 294:1881–1885

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Feng M, McPhaden MJ, Xie S-P, Hafner J (2013) La Niña forces unprecedented Leeuwin Current warming in 2011. Sci Rep 3:1277

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Baudin P (2014) Wireless Transceiver Architecture. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Wong CWY (2015) Environmental Management: The Supply Chain Perspective. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Doan K, Sinanovic M (2012) IFRS in der Kreuzfahrtindustrie Problematik der Ertragserfassung, Abschreibung, Rückstellung und Zweckgesellschaften. In: Papathanassis A, Breitner MH, Schoen C, Guhr N (eds) Cruise Management: Information and Decision Support Systems. Gabler Verlag, Wiesbaden, pp 75–103

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for AAPS Open.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Solar Impulse Completes Record-Breaking Flight to Hawaii. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/solar-impulse-completes-record-breaking-flight-hawaii/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2005) Advanced Technology Program: Inherent Factors in Selection Process Are Likely to Limit Identification of Similar Research. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Lund BC (2017) Physiological response to cycling at different pedal rates during high intensity interval training. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky S (2006) Beleaguered Russian Orchestra Tours U.S. New York Times B11

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Barrett 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Melnik and Miller 2008; Barrett 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Melnik and Miller 2008)
Three or more authors: (Feng et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	AAPS Open
Abbreviation	AAPS Open
ISSN (online)	2364-9534
Scope