How to format your references using the Zoomorphology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Zoomorphology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Collins MO (2009) Cell biology. Evolving cell signals. Science 325:1635–1636

A journal article with 2 authors

Goyal S, Zandstra PW (2015) Stem cells: Chasing blood. Nature 518:488–490

A journal article with 3 authors

Ehebauer M, Hayward P, Arias AM (2006) Notch, a universal arbiter of cell fate decisions. Science 314:1414–1415

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Merkel TC, Freeman BD, Spontak RJ, et al (2002) Ultrapermeable, reverse-selective nanocomposite membranes. Science 296:519–522

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Cuddy-Keane M, Hammond A, Peat A (2014) Modernism: Keywords. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Thomas S, Visakh PM, Mathew AP (eds) (2013) Advances in Natural Polymers: Composites and Nanocomposites. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Vacha-Haase T, Donaldson WV, Foster A (2014) Race-Ethnicity and Gender in Older Adults. In: Miville ML, Ferguson AD (eds) Handbook of Race-Ethnicity and Gender in Psychology. Springer, New York, NY, pp 65–83

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Zoomorphology.

Blog post

Andrew E (2014) Where Does The Smell Of Rain Come From? In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/why-does-rain-smell-so-fantastic/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1985) School District Officials Face Problems in Dealing With Asbestos in Their Schools. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

McElhoes JL (2017) Spatial, Technological, and Functional Variability Among the Prehistoric Ceramics of the Southern California Coast. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wasik JF (2016) Regular Investing Smooths the Market’s Ups and Downs. New York Times BU14

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Collins 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Collins 2009; Goyal and Zandstra 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Goyal and Zandstra 2015)
Three or more authors: (Merkel et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Zoomorphology
Abbreviation	Zoomorphology
ISSN (print)	0720-213X
ISSN (online)	1432-234X
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology Developmental Biology