How to format your references using the Zoology in the Middle East citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Zoology in the Middle East. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Orrit, M. (2003). Chemistry. The motions of an enzyme soloist. Science (New York, N.Y.), 302(5643), 239–240.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ward, W. R., & Canup, R. M. (2000). Origin of the Moon’s orbital inclination from resonant disk interactions. Nature, 403(6771), 741–743.

A journal article with 3 authors

Koenderink, A. F., Alù, A., & Polman, A. (2015). Nanophotonics: shrinking light-based technology. Science (New York, N.Y.), 348(6234), 516–521.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Batista, L. F. Z., Pech, M. F., Zhong, F. L., Nguyen, H. N., Xie, K. T., Zaug, A. J., Crary, S. M., Choi, J., Sebastiano, V., Cherry, A., Giri, N., Wernig, M., Alter, B. P., Cech, T. R., Savage, S. A., Reijo Pera, R. A., & Artandi, S. E. (2011). Telomere shortening and loss of self-renewal in dyskeratosis congenita induced pluripotent stem cells. Nature, 474(7351), 399–402.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rosenbaum, J., & Pearl, J. (2009). Investment Banking. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

lisahunter. (2013). Participatory Activist Research in the Globalised World: Social Change Through the Cultural Professions (E. Emerald & G. Martin, Eds.; Vol. 26). Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Mérida, I., Carrasco, S., & Avila-Flores, A. (2010). Diacylglycerol Signaling: The C1 Domain, Generation of DAG, and Termination of Signals. In M. G. Kazanietz (Ed.), Protein Kinase C in Cancer Signaling and Therapy (pp. 55–78). Humana Press.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Zoology in the Middle East.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, August 11). Coca-Cola Is Funding Controversial Research That Claims Bad Diets Don’t Cause Obesity. IFLScience; IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1977). NASA’s Resource Data Base and Techniques for Supporting, Planning, and Controlling Programs Need Improvement (PSAD-77-78). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Trantham, L. C. (2012). PSA surveillance following radical prostatectomy: What we know and why it matters [Doctoral dissertation]. University of North Carolina.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pennington, B., & Belson, K. (2017, October 2). Panthers’ Newton Stands Out in a Quieter Week of Player Protests. New York Times, D7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Orrit, 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Orrit, 2003; Ward & Canup, 2000).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Ward & Canup, 2000)
Three authors: (Koenderink et al., 2015)
6 or more authors: (Batista et al., 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	Zoology in the Middle East
Abbreviation	Zool. Middle East
ISSN (print)	0939-7140
ISSN (online)	2326-2680
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology