How to format your references using the Zoology in the Middle East citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Zoology in the Middle East. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Drell, S. D. (2007). Obituary: Wolfgang K. H. Panofsky (1919-2007). Nature, 450(7167), 182.

A journal article with 2 authors

Jimenez, R., & Haiman, Z. (2006). Significant primordial star formation at redshifts z approximately 3-4. Nature, 440(7083), 501–504.

A journal article with 3 authors

Cheng, N., Tsunenari, T., & Yau, K.-W. (2009). Intrinsic light response of retinal horizontal cells of teleosts. Nature, 460(7257), 899–903.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Wei, Z., Wang, D., Kim, S., Kim, S.-Y., Hu, Y., Yakes, M. K., Laracuente, A. R., Dai, Z., Marder, S. R., Berger, C., King, W. P., de Heer, W. A., Sheehan, P. E., & Riedo, E. (2010). Nanoscale tunable reduction of graphene oxide for graphene electronics. Science (New York, N.Y.), 328(5984), 1373–1376.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Remy, J.-G., & Letamendia, C. (2014). LTE Services. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Manton, M., & Stevenson, L. A. (Eds.). (2014). Climate in Asia and the Pacific: Security, Society and Sustainability (Vol. 56). Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Bentsen, H. B. (2005). Polygenic Inheritance. In T. Gjedrem (Ed.), Selection and Breeding Programs in Aquaculture (pp. 35–43). Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Zoology in the Middle East.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2015, May 14). Bone Tissue Regrown Using Proteins from Stem Cells. IFLScience; IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/bone-tissue-regrown-using-proteins-stem-cells/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1992). Tax Systems Modernization: IRS Could Have Avoided Successful Protests of Major Computer Procurement (IMTEC-92-27). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Tang, Y. (2009). Structure tailored properties and functionalities of zero-dimensional nanostructures [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Maryland, College Park.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kolomatsky, M. (2017, June 2). Top Degrees for Homeownership. New York Times, RE2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Drell, 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Drell, 2007; Jimenez & Haiman, 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Jimenez & Haiman, 2006)
Three authors: (Cheng et al., 2009)
6 or more authors: (Wei et al., 2010)

About the journal

Full journal title	Zoology in the Middle East
Abbreviation	Zool. Middle East
ISSN (print)	0939-7140
ISSN (online)	2326-2680
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology