How to format your references using the World Journal of Virology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for World Journal of Virology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Heymann DL. Ebola: learn from the past. Nature 2014; 514: 299–300.

A journal article with 2 authors

Nachev P, Husain M. Comment on ‘Detecting awareness in the vegetative state’. Science 2007; 315: 1221; author reply 1221.

A journal article with 3 authors

Freeman C, Ostle N, Kang H. An enzymic ‘latch’ on a global carbon store. Nature 2001; 409: 149.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

De Palo G, Facchetti G, Mazzolini M, Menini A, Torre V, Altafini C. Common dynamical features of sensory adaptation in photoreceptors and olfactory sensory neurons. Sci Rep 2013; 3: 1251.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Vaseghi SV. Advanced Digital Signal Processing and Noise Reduction. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

An edited book

Shirase K, Aoyagi S (eds). Service Robotics and Mechatronics: Selected Papers of the International Conference on Machine Automation ICMA2008. London: Springer

A chapter in an edited book

Hochman G, Rajagopal D, Timilsina GR, Zilberman D. Impacts of Biofuels on Food Prices. In: Timilsina GR, Zilberman D, editors. The Impacts of Biofuels on the Economy, Environment, and Poverty: A Global Perspective. New York, NY: Springer, 2014: 47–64.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for World Journal of Virology.

Blog post

Carpineti C. What Actually IS An Orgasm? IFLScience. 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Systemwide Education Reform: Federal Leadership Could Facilitate District-Level Efforts. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Terrell S. How Global Leaders Develop: A Phenomenological Study of Global Leadership Development. 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Eligon J. In the Hands of a Pro. New York Times. 2017; : D1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference ^[1].
This sentence cites two references ^[1,2].
This sentence cites four references ^[1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	World Journal of Virology
ISSN (online)	2220-3249
Scope