How to format your references using the World Journal of Surgical Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for World Journal of Surgical Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Rind D. The Sun’s role in climate variations. Science. 2002;296:673–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Min J-H, Pavletich NP. Recognition of DNA damage by the Rad4 nucleotide excision repair protein. Nature. 2007;449:570–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Griffin BM, Schott J, Schink B. Nitrite, an electron donor for anoxygenic photosynthesis. Science. 2007;316:1870.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Eshaghi S, Niegowski D, Kohl A, Martinez Molina D, Lesley SA, Nordlund P. Crystal structure of a divalent metal ion transporter CorA at 2.9 angstrom resolution. Science. 2006;313:354–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Kurimoto N, Fielding DIK, Musani AI. Endobronchial Ultrasonography. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011.

An edited book

1. Dunlap BJ, editor. Proceedings of the 1990 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Cornelisse G. Immigration Detention: An Instrument in the Fight Against Illegal Immigration or a Tool for Its Management? In: Guia MJ, Koulish R, Mitsilegas V, editors. Immigration Detention, Risk and Human Rights: Studies on Immigration and Crime. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 73–89.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for World Journal of Surgical Oncology.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Astrophysicists Create The Most Comprehensive Map Of The Universe Yet [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/space/most-comprehensive-map-universe-yet/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. GAO Guide to Project Planning and Management. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1978 Dec. Report No.: 090882.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Edwards DH. Why Do They Get High?: An Examination of Social Bond Theory and Substance Use in College [Doctoral dissertation]. [ Lafayette, LA]: University of Louisiana; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Kolomatsky M. Top Degrees for Homeownership. New York Times. 2017 Jun 2;RE2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	World Journal of Surgical Oncology
Abbreviation	World J. Surg. Oncol.
ISSN (online)	1477-7819
Scope	Oncology Surgery