How to format your references using the World Journal of Surgical Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for World Journal of Surgical Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Sohn E. Screening: Diagnostic dilemma. Nature. 2015;528:S120-2.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Wortmann UG, Paytan A. Rapid variability of seawater chemistry over the past 130 million years. Science. 2012;337:334–6.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Gershenfeld N, Samouhos S, Nordman B. Engineering. Intelligent infrastructure for energy efficiency. Science. 2010;327:1086–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Ou X, Li Z, Fan F, Wang H, Wu H. Long-range magnetic interaction and frustration in double perovskites Sr₂NiIrO₆ and Sr₂ZnIrO₆. Sci Rep. 2014;4:7542.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Heller D. Hairspray. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011.

An edited book

1. Luca A de. Teoria degli Automi Finiti. D’Alessandro F, editor. Milano: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Medvinsky AB, Gonik MM, Tyutyunov YV, Li B-L, Rusakov AV, Malchow H. Insecticidal Bt Crops Under Massive Bt-resistant Pest Invasion: Mathematical Simulation. In: Hosking RJ, Venturino E, editors. Aspects of Mathematical Modelling: Applications in Science, Medicine, Economics and Management. Basel: Birkhäuser; 2008. p. 81–94.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for World Journal of Surgical Oncology.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Beautiful Mathematical GIFs Will Mesmerize You [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/physics/beautiful-mathematical-gifs-will-mesmerize-you/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Automated Systems: Treasury’s Efforts to Improve Its Payroll and Personnel Systems. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1989 Dec. Report No.: IMTEC-90-4.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Tornes IE. Topics in the Physics of Underdamped Josephson Systems [Doctoral dissertation]. [Columbus, OH]: Ohio State University; 2006.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Forman J Jr. Justice Springs Eternal. New York Times. 2017 Mar 25;SR1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	World Journal of Surgical Oncology
Abbreviation	World J. Surg. Oncol.
ISSN (online)	1477-7819
Scope	Oncology Surgery