How to format your references using the World Journal of Surgical Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for World Journal of Surgical Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Ramirez AP. Applied physics. Oxide electronics emerge. Science. 2007;315:1377–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Ding L, Morrison SJ. Haematopoietic stem cells and early lymphoid progenitors occupy distinct bone marrow niches. Nature. 2013;495:231–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Pergams ORW, Barnes WM, Nyberg D. Mammalian microevolution: Rapid change in mouse mitochondrial DNA. Nature. 2003;423:397.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Pichot C, El Maâtaoui M, Raddi S, Raddi P. Surrogate mother for endangered Cupressus. Nature. 2001;412:39.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Sizer A, Balachandar C, Biswas N, Foon R, Griffiths A, Hodgett S, et al. Part 2 MRCOG: Single Best Answer Questions. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

1. Capcarrère MS, Freitas AA, Bentley PJ, Johnson CG, Timmis J, editors. Advances in Artificial Life: 8th European Conference, ECAL 2005, Canterbury, UK, September 5-9, 2005. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2005.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Rayner M, Armando A, Bouillon P, Ebling S, Gerlach J, Halimi S, et al. Helping Domain Experts Build Phrasal Speech Translation Systems. In: Quesada JF, Martín Mateos F-J, Lopez-Soto T, editors. Future and Emergent Trends in Language Technology: First International Workshop, FETLT 2015, Seville, Spain, November 19-20, 2015, Revised Selected Papers. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 41–52.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for World Journal of Surgical Oncology.

Blog post

1. Davis J. Roman Empire May Have Extended Further West In Britain Than Previously Thought [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/editors-blog/roman-empire-may-have-extended-further-west-in-britain-than-previously-thought/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. ADP Procurement: DOD’s Approach to Providing Logistics Data on Compact Disk Is Justified. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991 Aug. Report No.: IMTEC-91-74.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Austin JH. Performing the past: Two pageant traditions in Nauvoo, Illinois [Doctoral dissertation]. [Bloomington, IN]: Indiana University; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Gorman J. The Bee Stalkers. New York Times. 2016 Oct 11;D1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	World Journal of Surgical Oncology
Abbreviation	World J. Surg. Oncol.
ISSN (online)	1477-7819
Scope	Oncology Surgery