How to format your references using the World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Guberman SL. Chemistry. Breaking up is hard to do without an electron. Science 2001; 294: 1474–1475.

A journal article with 2 authors

Nuth JA 3rd, Johnson NM. Astronomy. Complex protostellar chemistry. Science 2012; 336: 424–425.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gibbs KA, Urbanowski ML, Greenberg EP. Genetic determinants of self identity and social recognition in bacteria. Science 2008; 321: 256–259.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Young ED, Simon JI, Galy A, Russell SS, Tonui E, Lovera O. Supra-canonical 26Al/27Al and the residence time of CAIs in the solar protoplanetary disk. Science 2005; 308: 223–227.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bell M. Incremental Software Architecture. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc

An edited book

Alwi H. Fault Detection and Fault-Tolerant Control Using Sliding Modes. London: Springer

A chapter in an edited book

Tschachler E, Tiplica G-S. Venereal Disease I: Syphilis. In: Ólafsson JH, Hay RJ, editors. Antibiotic and Antifungal Therapies in Dermatology. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016: 57–68.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology.

Blog post

Andrews R. NASA Shares Beautiful Image Of Volcanic Eruption Aftermath As Seen From Space. IFLScience. 2017.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Information Technology: DLA Needs to Strengthen Its Investment Management Capability. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Perry EM. Live and let live: Negotiating difference in a diverse urban neighborhood. 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rothenberg B. Unshaken by Her Low Ranking, Wozniacki Easily Defeats Keys. New York Times. 2016; : D4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference ^[1].
This sentence cites two references ^[1,2].
This sentence cites four references ^[1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
ISSN (online)	2218-6247
Scope