How to format your references using the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Carlsson A. A paradigm shift in brain research. Science 2001; 294: 1021–1024.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wu L-Q, Dickman JD. Neural correlates of a magnetic sense. Science 2012; 336: 1054–1057.

A journal article with 3 authors

Nowak MA, Tarnita CE, Wilson EO. The evolution of eusociality. Nature 2010; 466: 1057–1062.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Leung C, Lingbeek M, Shakhova O, Liu J, Tanger E, Saremaslani P, Van Lohuizen M, Marino S. Bmi1 is essential for cerebellar development and is overexpressed in human medulloblastomas. Nature 2004; 428: 337–341.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Center for Chemical Process Safety. Guidelines for Engineering Design for Process Safety. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Rao MS, Carpenter M, Vemuri MC (eds). Neural Development and Stem Cells. 3rd ed. 2012. New York, NY: Springer

A chapter in an edited book

Carey FA, Sundberg RJ. Reduction of Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds, Carbonyl Groups, and Other Functional Groups. In: Sundberg RJ, editor. Advanced Organic Chemistry: Part B: Reactions and Synthesis. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2007: 367–471.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Watch A Complete Knee Replacement From A Surgeon’s Point Of View. IFLScience. 2014. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/watch-complete-knee-replacement-surgeons-point-view/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Highway Trust Fund Expenditures on Purposes Other than Construction and Maintenance of Highways and Bridges during Fiscal Years 2004-2008. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cagle West M. Effective software engineering leadership for development programs. 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Stewart JB. When Politics Roils Market, Tuning Out May Pay Off. New York Times. 2017; : B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference ^[1].
This sentence cites two references ^[1,2].
This sentence cites four references ^[1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology
ISSN (online)	2150-5330
Scope