How to format your references using the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy x citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy x. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik P. Recruiters and industry. Microsoft’s European perspective. Nature 2005; 434: 938.

A journal article with 2 authors

Johnson TV, Lunine JI. Saturn’s moon Phoebe as a captured body from the outer Solar System. Nature 2005; 435: 69–71.

A journal article with 3 authors

Tuff J, Wade J, Wood BJ. Volcanism on Mars controlled by early oxidation of the upper mantle. Nature 2013; 498: 342–345.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Mocuta C, Reichert H, Mecke K, Dosch H, Drakopoulos M. Scaling in the time domain: universal dynamics of order fluctuations in Fe3Al. Science 2005; 308: 1287–1291.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Murdoch I, Turpin S, Johnston B, MacLullich A, Losman E. Geriatric Emergencies. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

An edited book

Blanc-Talon J, Kasinski A, Philips W, Popescu D, Scheunders P (eds). Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems: 15th International Conference, ACIVS 2013, Poznań, Poland, October 28-31, 2013. Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing

A chapter in an edited book

Bender W. Types of Extrusion Units. In: Händle F, editor. Extrusion in Ceramics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2007: 59–84.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy x.

Blog post

Andrew E. Gorgeous Time Lapse of Slow Marine Animal Movement. IFLScience. 2014. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/gorgeous-time-lapse-slow-marine-animal-movement/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. JFMIP: Acquisition/Financial Systems Interface Requirements (Exposure Draft). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mirzalou R. Design and simulation of an 8-PSK super regenerative receiver with new phase detection technique. 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Grynbaum MM. Another Press Secretary Profile. New York Times. 2017; : A2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference ^[1].
This sentence cites two references ^[1,2].
This sentence cites four references ^[1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy x
ISSN (online)	1948-5190
Scope