How to format your references using the World Journal of Gastroenterology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for World Journal of Gastroenterology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Beasley M. Michael Tinkham (1928-2010). Nature 2010; 468: 766.

A journal article with 2 authors

Nicholson DW, Thornberry NA. Apoptosis. Life and death decisions. Science 2003; 299: 214–215.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gullison RE, Rice RE, Blundell AG. ‘Marketing’ species conservation. Nature 2000; 404: 923–924.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Moehring DL, Maunz P, Olmschenk S, Younge KC, Matsukevich DN, Duan L-M, Monroe C. Entanglement of single-atom quantum bits at a distance. Nature 2007; 449: 68–71.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bell S. Lean Enterprise Systems. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

An edited book

Guger C, Allison BZ, Edlinger G (eds). Brain-Computer Interface Research: A State-of-the-Art Summary. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer

A chapter in an edited book

Borowitzka MA. Species and Strain Selection. In: Borowitzka MA, Moheimani NR, editors. Algae for Biofuels and Energy. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013: 77–89.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for World Journal of Gastroenterology.

Blog post

Davis J. ‘Last’ African Dinosaur Before They Went Extinct Discovered In Morocco. IFLScience. 2017. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/the-last-african-dinosaur-before-the-extinction-discovered-in-morocco/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. FTS 2000: Status and Mandatory Use. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Garcia AD. Long-term shifts in adolescent Nicotine reward following early methylphenidate exposure in male and female rats. 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gorman J. Nowhere to Run: Outside Refuges, Cheetahs Face Outsize Threats. New York Times. 2016; : D2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference ^[1].
This sentence cites two references ^[1,2].
This sentence cites four references ^[1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	World Journal of Gastroenterology
Abbreviation	World J. Gastroenterol.
ISSN (print)	1007-9327
ISSN (online)	2219-2840
Scope	General Medicine Gastroenterology