How to format your references using the World Journal of Gastroenterology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for World Journal of Gastroenterology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most references management programs.
BibTeX	BibTeX syles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik P. Come together. Nature 2005;434:252–3 [PMID: 15759007]

A journal article with 2 authors

Meldrum FC, Sear RP. Materials science. Now you see them. Science 2008;322:1802–3 [PMID: 19095931]

A journal article with 3 authors

Shevenell AE, Kennett JP, Lea DW. Middle Miocene Southern Ocean cooling and Antarctic cryosphere expansion. Science 2004;305:1766–70 [PMID: 15375266]

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Xue W, Zender L, Miething C, Dickins RA, Hernando E, Krizhanovsky V, Cordon-Cardo C, Lowe SW. Senescence and tumour clearance is triggered by p53 restoration in murine liver carcinomas. Nature 2007;445:656–60 [PMID: 17251933]

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Weiss A. Getting Started in Consulting. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2009.

An edited book

Schwab M, editor. Encyclopedia of Cancer. 3rd ed. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Quirk TJ, Quirk M, Horton H. Two-Group t-Test of the Difference of the Means for Independent Groups. In: Quirk M, Horton H. Excel 2010 for Biological and Life Sciences Statistics: A Guide to Solving Practical Problems. New York, NY: Springer; 2013. page 83–108

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for World Journal of Gastroenterology.

Blog post

Luntz S. Do We Really Need Oxygen For Complex Life? [Internet]. IFLScience2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30];Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/do-we-really-need-oxygen-complex-life/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. OJJDP Discretionary Grant Programs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1996.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Liu T-WD. Isolation and Characterization of pco-1, which Encodes a Regulatory Protein that Controls Purine Degradation in Neurospora crassa. 2003;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly M. A Few Workers Keep Clinton’s Campaign on Track. New York Times1992;A11

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference ^[1].
This sentence cites two references ^[1,2].
This sentence cites four references ^[1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	World Journal of Gastroenterology
Abbreviation	World J. Gastroenterol.
ISSN (print)	1007-9327
ISSN (online)	2219-2840
Scope	General Medicine Gastroenterology